Effect of Short Term Static and Dynamic Stretching Exercise on Conventional and Functional Ratio of Hamstring-to- Quadriceps in Female Athletes
Mohammad
Shariatzadeh
Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran
author
Samira
Gholamiyan
Ph.D. Student in Biochemistry and Metabolism of Exercise, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Davood
Mohseninia
Ph.D. Student in Neuromuscular Exercise Physiology, Hakim Sabzevari University
author
Zohre
Borhani
Assistant Professor of Sport Biomechanic, University of Sistan And Baluchestan
author
Ali
Kashi
Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
The present study aimed to determine short term static and dynamic stretching exercise on peak eccentric torque of hamstring muscle and conventional and functional rate of hamstring to quadriceps in female athletes. Sixteen female futsal athletes (weight: 52.65+15.83, age: 24± 4.2) were participated in this study who had no history of injury in lower limb. They were asked to be in order to measure isokinetic peak torque of quadriceps and hamstring muscles in both concentric and eccentric contractions in one of the states of no stretch (control), static and dynamic stretch. The participants did four stretching exercises for muscle groups of lower limbs (hamstring, quadriceps, adductors and Psoas). Two 30-second stretching exercises were done in static state and fifteen 2-second exercises with a 20-second interval rest were done in dynamic state. Fifteen minutes after stretching exercises the isokinetic tests were conducted by biodex in order to determine maximum concentric and eccentric torque as well as functional and conventional ratio of hamstring to quadriceps muscles at velocity of 60 and 180 degrees/second. The results were analyzed at P≤0.05 using analysis of variance with repeated measurements. According to the results, 15 minutes after stretching exercise, the maximum extrinsic torque of hamstring decreased significantly in dynamic status. No significant difference was shown in current strength ratio of hamstring to quadriceps after doing stretching exercise in static and dynamic states, however, significant decrease in functional ratio in dynamic state compared to static state was found (P≤0.05). It seems, although a 15- minute passive rest could reduce some undesirable effects of static stretching exercises, the dynamic stretching exercises should be recommended cautiously.
Sport Physiology
Sport Sciences Research Institute
2322-164X
10
v.
37
no.
2018
17
34
https://spj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1158_afd315224370ce72d3f0930caa874dc9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22089/spj.2017.4568.1616
The Effect of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiac Function After Exhaustive Exercise in Elderly
Saeed
Naghibi
Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
author
Mohamad Javad
Maleki
Heart and Thorax Surgeon, Physical Medicine Specialist
author
Ziba
Ostovan
M.Sc. in Sport Sciences, Sport Sciences Research Institute
author
text
article
2018
per
This study examined the effects of melatonin supplementation on cardiac function after exhaustive exercise in the active elderly. The sample consisted of 8 active elderly between the ages of 50 and 65 years (mean age of 65.8±5.9, height of 168.1±7.2, and weight of 74.7±8.7) who had at least two exercise session at week. The research had executed by crossover, double-blinded, placebo and supplement plan. After explanation, subjects signed consent form; and changes in heart rate, contraction of cardiovascular and hemodynamic rest period before exercise and during active recovery after exercise were measured by electrocardiography and cardio screen devices. Data analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that melatonin supplements significantly improved heart rate recovery after exercise, also had no significant improvement in oxygen consumption. The supplement had no effect on resting heart rate and vascular resistance to blood. According to the results, melatonin had a moderating influence on sympathetic system, and it is a beneficial effect in elderly people during sports activities. Therefore, more research is needed to draw firm conclusions and test higher doses.
Sport Physiology
Sport Sciences Research Institute
2322-164X
10
v.
37
no.
2018
35
48
https://spj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1114_c0e96279ab92f370a8039271e5cb15df.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22089/spj.2017.3466.1473
The Effect of High Intensity Interval Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction on Anti-Oxidation Enzymes and Cellular Damage Factors in Recovery Time Courses among Inactive Females
Mohadese
Atefinia
M.Sc. of Sport Physiology, Kharazmi University
author
Neda
Khaledi
Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, Kharazmi University
author
Hamid
Rajabi
Associate Professor of Sport Physiology, Kharazmi University
author
text
article
2018
per
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a session of High intensity interval exercise with blood flow restriction on anti-oxidation system and the cellular damage indicators at recovery time courses among inactive females. for this purpose ,14 inactive female students of kharazmi university with (average height 161.21±6.69 cm, Weight 58.92±6.81 kg, age 25.75±1.86 years, body mass index (BMI) 22.48±2.53 kg per m2 and Vo2max 39.87±4.87ml/kg/min) participated in this study voluntarily. The participants were divided into two groups: with blood flow restriction (7 persons) and without the blood flow restriction (7 persons) participants after completing the conset, and questionnaires about lifestyle and daily physical activities took part in the test. Before, Immediately, after 3 hours and 48 hours ofter testing blood samples were taken from the participants to specify the amount of anti-oxidant enzyme and cellular damage indicators using the ELISA laboratory method. Kolmogorow-Smirnow test was used to evaluate how data distribution is normal, ofter that ANOVA test with two-way repeated measurements and inter group factor was used at significance level of (P<0.05), if there was any significant difference Bonferroni was used. The results showed in response to one session high-intensity interval exercise with blood flow restriction and without blood flow restriction groups there were significantly differences in glutathione reductase and also lactate dehydrogenase. But there was a significant difference in the amount of creatine kinase of both with or without blood flow restriction groups.
Sport Physiology
Sport Sciences Research Institute
2322-164X
10
v.
37
no.
2018
49
62
https://spj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1150_f7a97ee6195755ad66e9fcba3f237a9a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22089/spj.2018.1150
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Hormone Levels of Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance Index in Women with Type 2 Diabetes
Lotfali
Bolboli
Associate Professor of Sport Physiology, Mohaghegh Ardabali University
author
Elahe
Mamashli
Ph. D Student of Sport Physiology, Mohaghegh Ardabali University
author
Ali
Rajabi
Ph. D Student of Sport Physiology, Mohaghegh Ardabali University
author
Morteza
Yari
M.Sc. of Sport Physiology, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2018
per
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on lipid profile, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, hs-CRP, insulin resistance and peptide hormone adiponectin in type 2 diabetic patients. For this purpose, twenty-two obese, sedentary females with type 2 diabetes (age 45.9±3.2 years and BMI=30.7±0.7 kg/m2, History of disease: 5.4±9.2 years and blood glucose 152.7±15.05 mg/dL), were selected and randomly divided into experimental (n=11) and control groups (n=11). The experimental group performed aerobic training for 8 weeks (three sessions per week, each session 60 minutes) with 60 to 80 percent of maximum heart rate. Blood samples were taken two days before and after 8 weeks of aerobic training. (HbA1c) by Electrochemiluminesence method, adiponectin, insulin and hs-CRP by ELISA, glucose, HDL-C, TG and LDL-C by direct methods and total cholesterol were measured by enzymatic methods. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance by HOMA-IR was calculated. The results using the paired and independent t-test showed that, after the intervention, fasting blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, HbA1c, hs-CRP, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and weight, BMI, percent body fat significantly decreased and adiponectin levels significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control. However, after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise HDL-C increased in the experimental group, but HDL-C levels difference was not significant between the two groups. A significant inverse correlation between serum adiponectin levels with glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, body weight and body fat percentage and no significant correlation with HDL was observed. According to the findings of the present study was the reduction in visceral fat and lipid levels by eight weeks of aerobic exercise may the performance of adiponectin and reduce insulin resistance in diabetic patients is effective.
Sport Physiology
Sport Sciences Research Institute
2322-164X
10
v.
37
no.
2018
63
86
https://spj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1154_6c67f61689ad2d41e875651b484e1732.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22089/spj.2018.1154
Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on miR-1, miR133-a Gene Expression in Rats with Myocardial Infarction
Pedram
Ghorbani
Ph.D. Student of Sport Physiology, University of Tehran, Kish International Campus
author
Mohammad Reza
Kordi
Associate Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Tehran
author
Abbasali
Gaeini
Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Tehran
author
Reza
Noori
Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Tehran, Kish International Campus
author
Sara
Karbalaeifar
Ph.D. Student of Sport Physiology, University of Tehran, Kish International Campus
author
text
article
2018
per
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intensive interval training on miR-1, miR133-a gene expression in rats with myocardial infraction. For this purpose, 12 Wistar male rats with 10 weeks old and average weight 250-300gr that infected to Myocardial infarction and they were designed in to two groups of experimental (60 minutes of interval running on treadmills that each interval is 4 minutes of running with the 85-90 percent of Vo2max and 2 minutes of active rest at 50-60 percent of Vo2max for four days in a week and 6 weeks) and control group (without any training). Genes expression was investigated by the PCR technique and data were analyzed by the SPSS 18 with T test (α≤0.05). The findings of present study showed that the levels of miR-1 in high intensity interval training (4.33mg.ml-1) significantly much more than the control group (3.541mg.ml-1)(P=0.012) and the amount of miR-133a in high intensity interval training group (4.876 mg.ml-1) was also much more than control group (1.01mg.ml-1)(P≤0.001) . in general, 6 weeks of high intensity interval training with intensity of 50-60 percent of Vo2max leads to increased expression of miR-1 and miR-133a in male Vistar rats with MI.
Sport Physiology
Sport Sciences Research Institute
2322-164X
10
v.
37
no.
2018
87
98
https://spj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1151_b76bcd6e5994cdb78916b8bce7881138.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22089/spj.2018.1151
The Effect of Regular Physical Activity on Cytokine in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
Motahareh
Mokhtarzadeh
M.Sc. Student of Sport Physiology, Shahid Cahmran University of Ahvaz
author
Nastaran
Majdinasab
Associate Professor of Neurology, Jundishapur Medical Science University of Ahvaz
author
Roohollah
Ranjbar
Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
author
Raoof
Negaresh
Assistant Professor of Radiology, Jundishapur Medical Science University of Ahvaz*
author
text
article
2018
per
The purpose of this review is the systemic investigate of the effect of regular physical activity on some cytokines in people with multiple sclerosis. A systematic review was made based on MeSH system word on the databases of Pubmed, Googlescholar, Sciencedirect and Springer in English and the databases of Magiran and SID in Persian. The criteria included studies published in English and Persian, period 15 years, in people with multiple sclerosis, investigate effect of regular physical activity and assess anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory. Methodology assessed through PEDro scale. Between 1320 study that reviewed, 18 study that have the criteria selected. PEDro scale mean was 6.72±1.12. studies have used endurance (3 study), resistance (5 study), combine (6 study), vibration (a study) and aquatic training (3 study). In the studies reviewed, interleukin 6 and 10 were the most used (10 and 9 study, respectively). Although, further studies are needed, regular physical activity can consider an adjuvant therapy in multiple sclerosis disease, and through cytokine regulation affect multiple sclerosis disease process.
Sport Physiology
Sport Sciences Research Institute
2322-164X
10
v.
37
no.
2018
99
122
https://spj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1152_49a1b9a754ebfb36905876e5239b6a7c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22089/spj.2018.1152
The Effect of 8 Weeks of Sprint Interval Training on Oxidative and Antioxidative Capacity of Heart, Liver and Skeletal Muscle in Male Wistar Rats
Ali
Gorzi
Associate Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Zanjan
author
Samaneh
Ekradi
M.Sc. of Applied Sport Physiology, University of Zanjan
author
Ahmad
Rahmani
Assistance Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Zanjan
author
text
article
2018
per
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of sprint interval training (HIIT) on antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and lipid peroxidation, malondialdehide (MDA) of heart, liver and skeletal muscle tissues in male Wistar rats. Thirteen male Wistar rats (weight= 225.88±18.68 g, age= 8 weeks) after one-week familiarization, were randomly divided into 2 groups; Control (n=6) and sprint interval training (n=7). HIIT training protocol included 8 weeks (5 session per week) of running with 30-45 m/min on rodent treadmill (for 1 min with 10 reps and 2 min active rest) at the first week and reached to 75-80 m/min at last three weeks (for 1 min with 7 reps and 3 min active rest). GPX activity was measured by Elisa Kit and MDA level was analyzed by spectrophotometric method. Independed-samples T test results showed that the sprint interval training resulted in a significant decrease in GPX enzyme levels in heart (P=0.001), liver (P=0.002) and skeletal muscle (P=0.006) compared to the control group. Also, MDA levels of heart tissue in training group increased significantly in compare with control group (P=0.001). Based on our finding, different tissues have different oxidative responses to the similar training and HIIT imposes heart tissue on oxidative stress more than skeletal muscle and liver tissue.
Sport Physiology
Sport Sciences Research Institute
2322-164X
10
v.
37
no.
2018
123
138
https://spj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1155_93962f72f9b0a7f968ce2ac8e4993b14.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22089/spj.2018.1155
The Responses of Fibrinolytic Factors to Different Resistance Exercise Protocols
Sajjad
Ahmadizad
Associate Professor of Sport Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University
author
Azade
Movahedi Moghadam
M.Sc. of Sport Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University
author
Zahra
Jamshidi
M.Sc. of Sport Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University
author
Davar
Rezaeimanesh
Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology
author
text
article
2018
per
The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of fibrinolytic factors to different resistance exercise protocols. Ten healthy male subjects (age, 24.7±2.2 yrs; height, 177±7 cm; and weight, 77±7 kg) familiar with weight training participated in four separate trials one week apart. After determining the maximal strength at the first session, subjects performed three resistance exercise protocols randomly at the 2nd, 3rd and 4th session including endurance-strength (3 sets, 15 reps at 55% one repetition maximum (1-RM) with 1 min rest), hypertrophy (3 sets, 10 reps at 70% 1-RM with 2 min rest) and strength (3 sets, 4-5 reps at 85% of 1-RM with 2 min rest). For measuring tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor one (PAI-1) blood samples were taken before and immediately after exercise. The results showed that resistance exercise protocols resulted in significant increases in t-PA levels (P=0.007), while the PAI-1 levels did not change significantly (P=0.529). Comparing the changes among the sessions showed that increases in t-PA following endurance-strength protocol was higher compared to the other two protocols. Based on the findings of the present study, it could be concluded that resistance exercise increases activity of fibrinolytic system and reduces the thrombus formation, and that these effects are more pronounced in the endurance-strength protocol.
Sport Physiology
Sport Sciences Research Institute
2322-164X
10
v.
37
no.
2018
139
152
https://spj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1157_895fd2de39defda8eb687f67631522d2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22089/spj.2018.1157
Reduction of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Nuclear Factor- Kappa B Gene Expression in Lung Tissue of Rats After a Period of Swimming Training
Maryam
Khalesi
Ph.D. in Sport Physiology, University of Mazandaran
author
Shadmehr
Mirdar
Professor Sport Physiology, University of Mazandaran
author
Ali
Samadi
Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, Shahed University, Tehran
author
text
article
2018
per
Considering the important role of inflammation in pulmonary disorders the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of swimming training on Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)and Nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB) gene expression in lung tissue of wistar rats. Twenty wistar rats of five weeks ages with the weight range of 102±23 g randomly divided into control (n=10) and swimming training groups (n=10). The training protocol included three months of swimming (5 times per week) which begun from 25 minutes in the first week (with the water flow intensity of 4 liters per minute) and reached to 60 minutes (with the water flow intensity of 10 liters per minute) at the final week. Quantitative Real-Time PCR used for detecting and quantifying expression profiles of TNF-αand NF-κB genes in the lung tissue of rats. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality of data distribution and Independent t test was used to determine the between group differences (α <0.05). Results showed TNF-αand NF-κB gene expression in the lung tissue were decreased significantly in swimming training group (Respectively P=0.0001, P=0.001). Since TNF-αand NF-κB are responsible for beginning the cascade of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that induce inflammatory responses, reduction in the gene expression of this factors might reduce the risk of pulmonary disorders.
Sport Physiology
Sport Sciences Research Institute
2322-164X
10
v.
37
no.
2018
153
166
https://spj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1153_1370f94c0ae5c75f95b94962e15812ab.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22089/spj.2018.1153
Effect of Resveratrol Supplementation and Aerobic Exercise on the Protein SIRT1 and PGC-1α Skeletal Muscle and Subcutaneous Fat Tissue’s UCP-1 Levels in Wistar Male Rats
Hadi
Zahedi
Ph.D. of Sport Biochemistry and Metabolism, Azad University, Central Tehran Branch
author
Maghsoud
Peeri
Professor of Sport Physiology, Azad University, Central Tehran Branch
author
Mehdi
Hedayati
Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
author
Asal
Rajaean
M. Sc. of Sport Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
author
Masood
Nasiri
M. Sc. of Sport Physiology, Razi University
author
text
article
2018
per
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resveratrol supplementation and Aerobic training on protein levels of SIRT-1, PGC-1α and UCP-1 soleus muscle and Ingoinal abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in adult male Wistar rats. In this study, 32 male rat (w=260+10gr, 8 weeks) divided into 4(n=8) groups: control(C), aerobic training (T), complement-training (T-R) and supplements(S) randomly. Training groups exercised for 12 weeks (5 sessions a week, each session 45 minutes on a treadmill. ELISA (sandwich double) was used to measure tissue protein UCP-1, SIRT1, PGC-1α. ANOVA test used for data analysis and statistical significance (P≤0.05) were considered. Increased SIRT1 and PGC-1α protein changes in T-R and S groups in muscle tissue and subcutaneous white adipose tissue, respectively (P≤0.001) and (P≤0.05). Showed that the protein UCP-1 is also a significant increase in subcutaneous white adipose tissue after workouts (P≤0.001). According to the results probably resveratrol supplementation with aerobic physical activity a stronger impact on increasing the SIRT-1, PGC-1α soleus muscle and inguinal adipose tissue and UCP-1 inguinal adipose tissue to use separately or supplement physical activity resveratrol and white fat and is likely to change subcutaneous white adipose tissue to beige or intermediate phenotype.
Sport Physiology
Sport Sciences Research Institute
2322-164X
10
v.
37
no.
2018
167
184
https://spj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1156_f6b1d6898e2aeae1cbf10bc230e60502.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22089/spj.2017.3253.1444
Comparison of Metabolic Some Hormones Response to Resistance Training with Different Intensity with and without Blood Flow Restriction in Active Girls
Raheleh
Amiri
M.Sc. of Sport Physiology, University of Isfahan
author
Fahimeh
Esfarjani
Associate Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Isfahan
author
Sayed Mohammad
Marandi
Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Isfahan
author
text
article
2018
per
The purpose of this study was to compare metabolic hormone responses to resistance exercise with alternative levels and with and without blood flow restriction in active girls. The research methodology was semi-experimental with cross design, 11student from the university of Esfahan (19 years old) were chosen and were posited in 3 different exercise conditions: low intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction, the same condition without blood flow restriction and high intensity resistance training without blood flow restriction, all of the training was conducted within a week interval. Practice sessions include flexion and extension for arm and knee in 3 periods with 15 repetitions. In blood flow restriction group, while training, the proximal of the intended organ with tourniquet (100-120 mmhg) was closing. The blood sample, before and immediately after extreme training was collected in order to determining the growth hormone density, Insulin-like growth factor, Testosterone, Cortisol and lactate. The repeated measure analyze of variance was used to analyze data. According to results the growth hormone and lactate in all three training conditions had a significant increase in comparison to pre-test (P<0.001). But the significant difference in the levels of testosterone (P=0.307) and the insulin-like growth factor (P=0.831) was not observed. Also, cortisol hormone had a significant decrease in comparison to pre-test (P<0.001). It seems that resistance training with blood flow restriction in low intensity have a similar effects on growth hormone responses and factors like lactate like that of resistance training with high intensity and the ones without blood flow restrictions.
Sport Physiology
Sport Sciences Research Institute
2322-164X
10
v.
37
no.
2018
185
202
https://spj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1172_07313fea3b26a633c11d0944905e4054.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22089/spj.2018.1172
The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on the Muscle CTRP15 Gene Expression and Adipocyte Fatty Acid Transporters in Adult Male Wistar Rats
Hamed
Barzegar
Ph.D. of Sport Physiology, University of Tehran
author
Ali
Akbarnejad
Associated Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Tehran
author
Rahman
Soori
Associated Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Tehran
author
Zohreh
Mazaheri
Assistant Professor of Anatomy, University of Tarbiat Modares
author
Fatemeh
Shabkhiz
Associated Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Tehran
author
Elham
Vosadi
Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, Shahrood University of Technology
author
Kia
Ranjbar
Ph.D. of Sport Physiology, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2018
per
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of high intensity interval training on muscle CTRP15 gene expression and adipocyte fatty acid transporters in the male adult rats. Fourteen Wistar rats (age: eight weeks) were divided into two groups: (1) interval training and (2) control groups. Animals in exercise groups received 4-wk interval training (five sessions per week. From 35 to 55 meters per minute from first week to forth week) that included running on a treadmill and at the same time, the control group did not have any training. The soleus muscle and adipose tissue homogenates and the expression of CTRP15 and FATCD36, FATP1, FABP4 genes were measured by Real-time PCR analysis. Data were analyzed by independent t-test. Statistical differences were considered significant at P
Sport Physiology
Sport Sciences Research Institute
2322-164X
10
v.
37
no.
2018
203
216
https://spj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1171_cacc183eff0da293081dca0a9ba0bf55.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22089/spj.2018.1171