Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 M.Sc. of Sport Physiology, Shiraz University
2 Associate Professor of Sport Physiology, Shiraz University
3 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Shiraz University
4 Assistant Professor of Neurology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Abstract
The purpose of present study was evaluating the influence of core stability exercise and vitamin D on some of physical fitness indices in young multiple sclerosis (MS) women. 36 relapsing remitting MS women with EDSS≤3 (age: 32.72±6.57y, height:164±4.23 cm, weight: 65.1±11.4 kg, disease duration:4±1.20) participated in the study voluntarily and were divided randomly to four groups including three experimental groups of supplementations (SUP), exercise, SUP + exercise and one control group. Before and after experimental period, all subjects participated in exercise tests including back muscle extensor strength test using dynamometer, muscular endurance of trunk using keeping trunk in angle of 60-degree, flexibility using Velez test, coordination test by repeated throwing of tennis ball, balance test using one leg stance. Core stability exercise was performed during 8 weeks and 3 times a week progressively (first session: keeping the motion for 5 S, with 6 repetitions, last session keeping the motion for 8 second with 10 repetition). Supplementation groups consumed 1500 IU vitamin D every two weeks. Statistical test of Analysis of Covariance was used for data analysis. Findings of the study indicated that in SUP + exercise group compared to control group significant increasing was observed in muscle strength (P=0.002) and endurance (P=0.001), flexibility (P=0.001) coordination (P=0.001) and balance(P=0.001), and compared to SUP significant increasing was found in muscle endurance (P=0.001), flexibility (P=0.001), coordination (P=0.001) and balance (P=0.001). Exercise (without SUP) compared to SUP caused increasing of muscle endurance (P=0.015), and compared to control group improved muscle endurance (P=0.02), coordination (P=0.031) and balance (P=0.001). SUP by itself did not cause any significant improvement in none of variables (P>0.05). According to priority exercise+SUP and exercise indicate positive influence on improving physical fitness indices.
Keywords
Main Subjects
2. Korn T. Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis. J Neurol. 2008; 255(6): 2-6.
3. White L J, McCoy S C, Castellano V, Ferguson M A, Hou W, Dressendorfer R H. Effect of resistance training on risk of coronary artery disease in women with Multiple Sclerosis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2006; 66(4): 351-6.
4. Atri A E, Sokhangoi M, Sarvari F. The comparison of resistance and endurance exercises on fatigue severity and balance in women with Multiple Sclerosis. J Sport Med. 2013; 5(1): 89-102. (In Persian)
5. Schapiro R T. Symptom management in Multiple Sclerosis. Annals of Neurology. 1994; 36(S1): 123-9.
6. Patti F, Ciancio M R, Cacopardo M, Reggio E, Fiorilla T, Palermo F, et al. Effects of a short outpatient rehabilitation treatment on disability of Multiple Sclerosis patients. J Neurol. 2003; 250(7): 861-6.
7. Eftekhari E, Nikbakht H, Etemadifar M, Rabiee K. Influence of endurance exercise on aerobic capacity and quality of life in MS female patients. Olympic J. 2009; 16(1): 37-46. (In Persian)
8. Tsang B K, Macdonell R. Multiple Sclerosis- diagnosis, management and prognosis. Aust Fam Physician. 2011; 40(12): 948-55.
9. Sharifi G, Meamarian N. Effect of combined trainin and supplement manesiumon endurance and fatiue in people with Multiple Sclerosis. J Sport Med Phys Fit. 2014; 1(1): 21-32. (In Persian)
10. Wiggins M S, Rader E, Erdmann J B. Exercise benefits for Multiple Sclerosis participant: Case study. Inter J MS Care. 2007; 9(3): 126-30.
11. Romberg A, Virtanen A, Ruutiainen J. Long–term exercise improves functional impairment but not quality of life in Multiple Sclerosis. J Neurol. 2005; 252(7): 839-45.
12. Kargarfard M, Mehrabi M, Hamidi-Tehrani J, Rouzbahani R. Changes in speed, endurance and balance in women with Multiple Sclerosis after 4 and 8 weeks of aquatic exercise training. J Isfahan Med School. 2014; 31(256): 1628-39. (In Persian)
13. Masoodinejad M, Ebrahim Kh, Shiravani H. Influence of selected combined training on muscle strength and motor function of female MS patients. Sport Physiol. 2013; 4(16): 81-96. (In Persian)
14. Cakt B D L, Nacir B, Genç H, Saraçoğlu M, Karagöz A, Erdem H R, et al. Cycling progressive resistance training for people with Multiple Sclerosis: A randomized controlled study. Am J Phys Med Rehab. 2010; 89(6): 446-57.
15. Cantalloube S L, Monteil I, Lamotte D, Mailhan L, Thoumie P. Strength, postural and gait changes following rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: A preliminary study. Ann Readapt Med Phys. 2006; 49(4): 143-9.
16. Sabapathy N M, Minahan C L, Turner G T, Broadley S A. Comparing endurance-and resistance-exercise training in people with Multiple Sclerosis: A randomized pilot study. Clin Rehab. 2011; 25(1): 14-24.
17. Dodd K J, Taylor N F, Shields N, Prasad D, McDonald E, Gillon A. Progressive resistance training did not improve walking but can improve muscle performance, quality of life and fatigue in adults with Multiple Sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Mult Scler Journal. 2011; 17(11): 1362-74.
18. Burschka J M, Keune P M, Oy U H, Oschmann P, Kuhn P. Mindfulness-based interventions in Multiple Sclerosis: Beneficial effects of Tai Chi on balance, coordination, fatigue and depression. BMC Neurol. 2014; 14(1): 165.
19. Kileff J, Ashburn A. A pilot study of the effect of aerobic exercise on people with moderate disability Multiple Sclerosis. Clin Rehab. 2005; 19(2): 165-9.
20. Hägglund M, Waldén M, Ekstrand J. Previous injury as a risk factor for injury in elite football: A prospective study over two consecutive seasons. Br J Sports Med. 2006; 40(9): 767-72.
21. Gribble P A, Hertel J, Denegar C R, Buckley W E. The effects of fatigue and chronic ankle instability on dynamic postural control. J Athl Train. 2004; 39(4): 321.
22. McCaskey A. The effects of core stability training on star excursion balance test and global core muscular endurance. Thesis for Masters of Science Degree in Exercise Science , Toledo, Spain: University of Toledo, College of Health Science and Human Service; 2011.
23. Morton S K, Whitehead J R, Brinkert R H, Caine D J. Resistance training vs. static stretching: Effects on flexibility and strength. J Strength Cond Res. 2011; 25(12): 3391-8.
24. Bitarafan S, Harirchian M H, Nafissi S, Togha M, Siassi F, Saedisomeolia A, et al. Dietary intake of nutrients and its correlation with fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis patients. Iran J Neurol. 2014; 13(1): 28. (In Persian)
25. Ibrahim M H, Alloush T K, Rahim M K A. Vitamin D level in Multiple Sclerosis patients. Could vitamin D level be routine investigation for Multiple Sclerosis patients? Neurosci Med. 2014; 5(05): 201.
26. Solomon A, Bouloux P. Modifying muscle mass—the endocrine perspective. J Endocrinol. 2006; 191: 349–60.
27. Houston D, Tooze J, Hauman D, Johnson MA, Nicklas BJ, Miller ME, et al. Change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and physical performance in older athletes. J Gerontol Ser A: Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011; 66A: 430–6.
28. Ward K, Das G, Berry J, Roberts SA, Rawer R, Adams JE, et al. Vitamin D status and muscle function in postmenarchal adolescent girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94: 559–63.
29. Foo LH1, Zhang Q, Zhu K, Ma G, Hu X, Greenfield H, et al. Low vitamin D status has an adverse influence on bone mass, bone turnover, and muscle strength in Chinese adolescent girls. J Nutr. 2009; 139: 1002–7.
30. Rejnmark L. Effects of vitamin D on muscle function and performance: A review of evidence from randomized controlled trials. Therap Adv Chron Dis. 2011; 2: 25–37.
31. Mosayebi G, Ghazavi A, Payani M. The effect of vitamin D3 on the inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice. Razi J Med Sci. 2006; 13(52): 189-96. (In Persian)
32. Akuthota V, Ferreiro A, Moore T, Fredericson M. Core stability exercise principles. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2008;7(1):39-44.
33. Hoseini S, Hashemi M, Rostamkhani H. Influence of core stability and strength exercises on some of physical fitness indices in old man. Sport Sci J. 2012; 3(8): 81-96. (In Persian)
34. Rahnama N, Namazizadeh M, Eetemadifar M. Influence of Yogic exercise on selected physical fitness indices in MS patients. Olympic J. 2012; 3: 96-106. (In Persian)
35. Aggarwal S, Nityanand S. Calcium and vitamin D in post menopausal women. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 17(3): 618-20.
36. Saremi A, Shavandi N, Vafapour H. Eight-week resistance training with vitamin D supplementation in postmenopausal women: Effects on skeletal muscle. Pajouhandeh. 2013; 18(2): 57-63. (In Persian)
37. Sahebozamani M, Mohammadalinasab E, Daneshmandi H. Effect of core stability training on the trunk endurance of indoor soccer players. J Sport Med Rev. 2014; 6(15): 15-28. (In Persian)
38. Rampello A, Franceschini M, Piepoli M, Antenucci R, Lenti G, Olivieri D, Chetta A. Effect of aerobic training on walking capacity and maximal exercise tolerance in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized crossover controlled study. Phys Ther. 2007 ;87(5):545-55.
39. Shater-Zadeh-Yazdi M J, Shahali S, Arian R, Salehi R. Effect of mental practice on eye-hand coordination in the healthy girls between 20-25 years old. J Rehab. 2006; 7(3): 44-9. (In Persian)
40. Seraj S, Asad A, Farahani A, Ashrafi H. The effect of Pilates exercises on the body composition and flexibility of non-athletic women. J Ilam Univ Med Sci. 2013; 21(6): 287-99. (In Persian)
41. Izedpanah Sh, Marandi M, Bambaichi E, Arbabzadeh S, Nazarian A. Influence of Yoga training on hand strength, flexibility and anaerobic capacity in household, non-athlete women. Res Sport Sci J. 2010; 23: 37-48. (In Persian)
42. Mohali Z, Ebrahimi Atri A, Hassan Abadi H, Sjoeibi A. The effect of Tai Chi exercise program on balance in women with Multiple Sclerosis. Med Surg Nurs J. 2014; 2(3 and 4): 81-5. (In Persian)
43. Salari A, Sahebozamani M, Daneshmandi H. The effect of core stability training program on balance in blind female athletes. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 2013; 20(6): 585-95. (In Persian)
44. Cattaneo D, Jonsdottir J, Zocchi M, Regola A. Effects of balance exercises on people with Multiple Sclerosis: A pilot study. Clin Rehab. 2007; 21(9): 771-81.
45. DeBolt L S, McCubbin J A. The effects of home-based resistance exercise on balance, power, and mobility in adults with Multiple Sclerosis. Arch Physic Med Rehab. 2004; 85(2): 290-7.
46. Dalgas U, Ingemann-Hansen T, Stenager E. Physical exercise and MS recommendations. Int MS J. 2009; 16(1): 5-11.
47. Robergs RA, Keteyian SJ. Fundamental principles of exercise physiology: for fitness, performance, and health. 2en ed. Mcgraw-Hill College; US, 2003. Pp. 45-7.
48. Young W K, Metzl J D. Strength training for the young athlete. Pediat Annals. 2010; 39(5): 293.
)