Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student in Sport Phsiology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

2 Associated Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

3 Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

Abstract

The aim of this semi-experimental study was to examine the effects of 2 and 4 weeks of CoQ10 supplementation on the ventilator threshold and respiratory compensation point in Young male endurance athletes. Fourteen (22.4±1/2 y, 12.5±4.4 fat percent, 53.3±2.7 ml.kg-1.min-1) young male athletes randomly were divided into two equal groups (n=7). In a double-blind four weeks study, experimental group and control group consumed 60 mg/daily CoQ10 and dextrose, respectively. Two groups performed Iliev GXT on the treadmill to measure ventilator threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) on the 1, 14 and 28 days. Respiratory gases collected automatically through the gas analyzer breath by breath and VO2, VCO2 and VE recorded. VO2 equivalent to VT and RCP automatically calculated at 15s intervals. Analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test (within group), independent t test (between groups) have been used (P<0.05). The results showed that; mean VO2 equivalent to VT and RCP in Q10 group had a significant increase but there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). In none of the groups, RCP hadn’t a significant difference in three stages (F(2,12)=1.19, P=0.34). Therefore, supplementation with 60 mg/d CoQ10 for either 2 or 4 weeks had no significant effects on the ventilator threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation threshold (RCP) in young male endurance athletes.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. Weston A R, Myburgh K H, Lindsay F H, Dennis S C, Noakes T D, Hawley J A. Skeletal muscle buffering capacity and endurance performance after high-intensity interval training by well-trained cyclists. Eu J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996; 75(1): 7-13.
  2. Oshima Y, Miyamoto T, Tanaka S, Wadazumi T, Kurihara N, Fujimoto S. Relationship between isocapnic buffering and maximal aerobic capacity in athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1997; 76(5): 409-14.
  3. Meyer T, Lucia A, Earnest C, Kindermann W. A conceptual framework for performance diagnosis and training prescription from submaximal gas exchange parameters theory and application. Int J Sports Med. 2005; 26(1): 38-48.
  4. Montero D, Diaz-Cañestro C, Lundby C. Endurance training and vo2max: Role of maximal cardiac output and oxygen extraction. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2015; 47(10): 2024-33.
  5. Röcker K, Striegel H, Freund T, Dickhuth H. Relative functional buffering capacity in 400-meter runners, long-distance runners and untrained individuals. Eur J Applied Physiol Occup Physiol. 1994; 68(5): 430-4.
  6. Meyer T, Faude O, Scharhag J, Urhausen A, Kindermann W. Is lactic acidosis a cause of exercise induced hyperventilation at the respiratory compensation point? Br J Sports Med. 2004; 38: 622-5.
  7. Díaz-Castro J, Guisado R, Kajarabille N, García N, Guisado I M, de Teresa C, et al. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation ameliorates inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress associated with strenuous exercise. Eur J Nutr. 2012; 51(7): 791-819.
  8. Fotino A D, Thompson-Paul A M, Bazzano L A. Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on heart failure: A meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013; 97(2):     268-75.
  9. Taylor B A, Lorson L, White C M, Thompson P D. A randomized trial of coenzyme Q10 in patients with confirmed statin myopathy. Atherosclerosis. 2015; 238(2):     329-35.
  10. Gharahdaghi N, Shabkhiz F, Azarboo E, Keyhanian A. The effects of daily coenzyme Q10 supplementation on vo2max, vVo2max and intermittent exercise performance in soccer players. Life Sci J. 2013; 10(8): 22-8.(In Persian).
  11. Jalalvand B, Hanachi P, Nazar A P, Naghibi S. Effects of CoQ10 supplementation and aerobic training on anaerobic threshold and heart rate deflection point in active women. Arak Medical University Journal. 2014; 17(82): 12-24. (In Persian).
  12. Deichmann R E, Dornelles A C. Impact of coenzyme Q10 on parameters of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle performance in older athletes taking statins. Phys Sports Med. 2012; 40(4): 88-95.
  13. Kon M, Kimura F, Akimoto T, Tanabe K, Murase Y, Ikemune S, Kono I. Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on exercise-induced muscular injury of rats. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2007; 13: 76-88.
  14. Alf D, Schmidt M E, Siebrecht S C. Ubiquinol supplementation enhances peak power production in trained athletes: A double-blind, placebo controlled study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2013; 10(1): 1-8.
  15. Demirci N, Beytut E. Effects of oral coenzyme Q10 on preventing the accumulation of lactic acid developing during the exercise performances of endurance skiing athletes. Am J Sports Sci. 2014; 2(3): 65-70.
  16. Malm C, Svensson M, Ekblom B, Sjodin B. Effects of ubiquinone-10 supplementation and high intensity training on physical performance in humans. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 1997; 161(3): 379-84.
  17. Ferrer M D, Sureda A, Pujol P, Drobnic F, Tur J A, Pons A. A soccer match’s ability to enhance lymphocyte capability to produce ROS and induce oxidative damage. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2009; 19(3): 243–58.
  18. Gökbel H, Gül I, Belviranl M, Okudan N. The effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on performance during repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise in sedentary men. J Strength & Conditioning Res. 2010; 24(1): 97-102.
  19. Cooke M, Iosia M, Buford T, Shelmadine B, Hudson G, Kerksick C, et al. Effects of acute and 14-day coenzyme Q10 supplementation on exercise performance in both trained and untrained individuals. J Intl Soc Sports Nutr. 2008; 5(1): 1-14.
  20. Bloomer R J, McCarthy C G, Farney T. Impact of oral ubiquinol on blood oxidative stress and exercise performance. Oxi Med Cellular Long. 2012; 2012: 1-10.
  21. Wasserman K J, Hansen J E, Sue, Darryl Y S, Stringer, W W, Whipp B. Principles of exercise testing and interpretation: including pathophysiology and clinical applications. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2005. 37(7): 1249-60.
  22. Block G, Coyle L M, Hartman A M, Scoppa S M. Revision of dietary analysis software for the health habits and history questionnaire. Am J Epidemiology. 1994; 139(12): 1190-6.
  23. Billat V, Dalmay F, Antonini M, Chassain A. A method for determining the maximal steady state of blood lactate concentration from two levels of submaximal exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occupational Physiol. 1994; 69(3): 196-202.
  24. Millet G, Candau R, Barbier B, Busso T, Rouillon J, Chatard J. Modelling the transfers of training effects on performance in elite triathletes. Int J Sports Med. 2002; 23(1): 55-63.
  25. Tzvetkov S, Bonov P, Dasheva D. Problems in determination of the ventilatory threshold based on the respiratory exchange ratio in high-level athletes. Facta Univ-Series: Physical Edu Sport. 2008; 6(2): 115-23.
  26. Maruoka H, Fujii K, Inoue K, Kido S. Long-term effect of ubiquinol on exercise capacity and the oxidative stress regulation system in samp1 mice. J Physical Therapy Science. 2014; 26(3): 367-71.
  27. Fan J L, Leiggener C, Rey F, Kayser B. Effect of inspired CO2 on the ventilatory response to high intensity exercise. Respir Physiol & Neurobiol. 2012; 180(2):        283-8.
  28. Östman B, Sjödin A, Michaëlsson K, Byberg L. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation and exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans. Nutrition. 2012; 28(4): 403-17.
  29. Lucia A, Hoyos J, Cavajal A, Chicharro J. Heart rate response to professional road cycling: The Tour De France. Int J Sports Med. 1999; 20(03): 167-72.
  30. Saha S P, Whayne T F. Coenzyme Q10 in human health: Supporting evidence? Southern Med J. 2016; 109(1): 17-21.
  31. O'Malley P A. The past, present, and future of coenzyme Q10 supplementation update for the clinical nurse specialist. Clin Nurse Specialist CNS. 2016; 30(1): 15-6.
  32. Myers J, Ashley E. Dangerous curves. A perspective on exercise, lactate, and the anaerobic threshold. Chest. 1997; 111(3): 787-95.
  33. Gürkan A S, Bozdağ O, Dündar O. Coenzyme Q10. Ankara Journal Of Faculty Of Pharmacy. 2005; 34(2): 129–54.
  34. Kilmartim J V, Rossi-Bernardi L. Carbon dioxide, and organic phosphates. Phsyiolol Rev. 1973; 53(4): 936-90.
  35. Busse M, Maassen N. Plasma potassium and ventilation during incremental exercise in humans: Modulation by sodium bicarbonate and substrate availability. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1992; 65(4): 340–6.
  36. Castro-Marrero J, Cordero M D, Segundo M J, Saez-Francas N, Calvo N, Roman-Malo L, et al. Does oral coenzyme Q10 plus NADH supplementation improve fatigue and biochemical parameters in chronic fatigue syndrome? Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 2015; 22(8): 679-85.
  37. Ochoa J J, Diaz-Castro J, Lambrechts P. CoQ10 and ubiquinol novel, safe dietary supplementation for trained and untrained athlets. Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech. 2013; 24(6): 31-4.
  38. Deichmann R E, Lavie C J, Asher T, DiNicolantonio J J, O'Keefe J H, Thompson P D. The interaction between statins and exercise: Mechanisms and strategies to counter the musculoskeletal side effects of this combination therapy. The Ochsner J. 2015; 15(4): 429-37.
  39. Masayoshi S, Jonathan M, Nancy B, Doug W, Mark K, Paul M, et al. The ventilatory threshohd: Method, protecol, an evaluator agreement. M Heart J. 1991; 122(2):      509-14.
  40. Steele P, Tang, P H, DeGrauw, A J, Miles, M V. Clinical laboratory monitoring of coenzyme Q10 use in neurologic and muscular diseases. Am J Clin Patho. Patho Patterns Rev. 2004; 121(1): 113-20.