نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه مازندران

2 استاد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه مازندران

3 مربی دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه مازندران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر یک دوره تمرین عضلات دمی در ارتفاع به‌همراه تمرین اختصاصی در ارتفاع بالا و پایین بر اشباع اکسیژن سرخرگی و عملکرد دوندگان تیم ملی استقامت بود. بدین‌منظور، 12 دوندۀ مرد (با میانگین سنی 1/3±4/24 سال؛ قد 2/4±5/180 سانتی‌متر؛ وزن 4/3±7/66 کیلوگرم؛ شاخص تودۀ بدن 0/1±5/20 کیلوگرم برمتر‌مربع) به‌طور تصادفی به دو گروه تمرین عضلات دمی و بدون آن، همراه با تمرین اختصاصی دویدن در ارتفاع پایین و بالا تقسیم شدند. جهت انجام پژوهش آزمون‌های 3000 متر، قدرت عضلات دمی، حجم ، جریان دمی و اشباع اکسیژن سرخرگی قبل و 24ساعت پس از دورۀ تمرین اجرا گردید. برنامۀ تمرینی شامل: تمرینات تداومی، تناوبی، هوازی و مقاومتی برای هر دو گروه بود. آزمودنی‌ها به‌طور میانگین 16 جلسه در هفته و به‌مدت چهار هفته زندگی در ارتفاع، تمرین در ارتفاع و تمرین در پایین (اجرای سه جلسه تمرین فقط در روزهای زوج در ارتفاع پایین و ادامۀ تمرینات به‌همراه خواب در ارتفاع بالا) را تمرین نمودند. تمرینات گروه عضلات دمی شامل 30 تکرار با بینی بسته به‌‌صورت دوبار در روز (صبح و عصر)، هفت روز در هفته و به‌مدت چهار هفته با 50 درصد حداکثر قدرت عضلات دمی در ارتفاع اجرا گردید. به‌منظور تحلیل داده‌ها از تحلیل واریانس اندازه‌گیری مکرر با عامل بین‌گروهی در سطح معناداری (P≤0.05) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که هایپوکسی منجر به کاهش معنادار زمان دوی 3000 متر در دو گروه و افزایش قدرت عضلات دمی و جریان دمی از قبل تا پس از تمرین در گروه تمرین عضلات دمی شده است؛ اما تفاوت معناداری در حجم و اشباع اکسیژن سرخرگی مشاهده نمی‌شود (P≤0.05). به‌طور‌کلی، به‌نظر می‌رسد که استفاده از تمرین عضلات دمی به‌همراه تمرین اختصاصی در هایپوکسی موجب افزایش قدرت عضلات و جریان دمی، کاهش تهویه و کاهش زمان دوی 3000 متر در ارتفاعات پایین‌تر می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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