Reduction of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Nuclear Factor- Kappa B Gene Expression in Lung Tissue of Rats After a Period of Swimming Training

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Maryam Khalesi 1
Shadmehr Mirdar 2
Ali Samadi 3
1 Ph.D. in Sport Physiology, University of Mazandaran
2 Professor Sport Physiology, University of Mazandaran
3 Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, Shahed University, Tehran
10.22089/spj.2018.1153
Abstract
Considering the important role of inflammation in pulmonary disorders the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of swimming training on Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)and Nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB) gene expression in lung tissue of wistar rats. Twenty wistar rats of five weeks ages with the weight range of 102±23 g randomly divided into control (n=10) and swimming training groups (n=10). The training protocol included three months of swimming (5 times per week) which begun from 25 minutes in the first week (with the water flow intensity of 4 liters per minute) and reached to 60 minutes (with the water flow intensity of 10 liters per minute) at the final week. Quantitative Real-Time PCR used for detecting and quantifying expression profiles of TNF-αand NF-κB genes in the lung tissue of rats. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality of data distribution and Independent t test was used to determine the between group differences (α <0.05). Results showed TNF-αand NF-κB gene expression in the lung tissue were decreased significantly in swimming training group (Respectively P=0.0001, P=0.001). Since TNF-αand NF-κB are responsible for beginning the cascade of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that induce inflammatory responses, reduction in the gene expression of this factors might reduce the risk of pulmonary disorders.
Keywords
swimming training
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha
Nuclear Factor-Kappa B
Lung Tissue

Main Subjects

  1. Lawrence T. The nuclear factor NF-κB pathway in inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009;1(6): a001651.
  2. Siti HN, Kamisah Y, Kamsiah J. The role of oxidative stress, antioxidants and vascular inflammation in cardiovascular disease (a review). Vascul Pharmacol. 2015;71:40-56.
  3. Cantin AM, Hartl D, Konstan MW, Chmiel JF. Inflammation in cystic fibrosis lung disease: Pathogenesis and therapy. J Cyst Fibros. 2015;14(4):419-30.
  4. King PT. Inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its role in cardiovascular disease and lung cancer. Clin Transl Med. 2015; 4(1):1.
  5. Olivieri D, Scoditti E. Impact of environmental factors on lung defences. Eur Respir Rev. 2005;14(95):51-6.
  6. Samadi A. Exercise preconditioning and neuroprotection: A review of mechanisms. Shefaye Khatam. 2015;3(1):115-30. (In Persian).
  7. Alcorn JF, Ckless K, Brown AL, Guala AS, Kolls JK, Poynter ME, et al. Strain-dependent activation of NF-κB in the airway epithelium and its role in allergic airway inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2010;298(1): 57-66.
  8. Poynter ME, Cloots R, van Woerkom T, Butnor KJ, Vacek P, Taatjes DJ, et al. NF-κB activation in airways modulates allergic inflammation but not hyperresponsiveness. J Immunol. 2004;173(11):7003-9.
  9. Waters JP, Pober JS, Bradley JR. Tumour necrosis factor and cancer. J Pathol. 2013;230(3):241-8.
  10. Durham WJ, Li YP, Gerken E, Farid M, Arbogast S, Wolfe RR, et al. Fatiguing exercise reduces DNA binding activity of NF-κB in skeletal muscle nuclei. J Appl Physiol. 2004;97(5):1740-5.
  11. Morgan MJ, Liu ZG. Crosstalk of reactive oxygen species and NF-κB signaling. Cell Res. 2011;21(1):103-15.
  12. Kratsovnik E, Bromberg Y, Sperling O, Zoref-Shani E. Oxidative stress activates transcription factor NF-κB-mediated protective signaling in primary rat neuronal cultures. J Mol Neurosci. 2005;26(1):27-32.
  13. Rahman I, Gilmour PS, Jimenez LA, MacNee W. Oxidative stress and TNF-a induce histone acetylation and NF-кB/AP-1 activation in alveolar epithelial cells: Potential mechanism in gene transcription in lung inflammation. Mol Cell Biochem. 2002;234-235(1-2):239-48.
  14. Wang W, Ge N, Ma A, Liu M, Liang H. Protective effect of Aplysin on IKK/NF-kB signaling pathway and related cytokines in rats exposed to ethanol. FASEB J. 2015;29(1 Supplement):755-18.
  15. Pak-Rad B, Agha Alinejad H, Zamani A, Fashi M, Rezaei Seraji B, Rajabi Z. Study of effect of aerobic exercise in particulate air pollution TLR4 and IL-1β genes expression in male wistar rats’ heart tissue. Exercise Physiology. 2016; 8(31):77-92. (In Persian).
  16. Azimian E, Ranjbar R, Shakerian S, Habibi A, Ghafourian M. Comparison of an acute bout of combined exercise training in different intensities on tumor necrosis factor- α (TNFα) and interlokin-6 (IL-6) in active men. Exercise Physiology. 2015;7(28):87-102. (In Persian).
  17. Sanchavanakit N, Saengtong W, Manokawinchoke J, Pavasant P. TNF-α stimulates MMP-3 production via PGE 2 signalling through the NF-kB and p38 MAPK pathway in a murine cementoblast cell line. Arch Oral Biol. 2015;60(7):1066-74.
  18. Jeong HJ, Koo HN, Na HJ, Kim MS, Hong SH, Eom JW, et al. Inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 production by aucubin through blockade of NF-κB activation in RBL-2H3 mast cells. Cytokine. 2002;18(5):252-9.
  19. Cai Z, Tchou-Wong KM, Rom WN. NF-kappaB in lung tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel). 2011;3(4):4258-68.
  20. Ricciardolo FL, Petecchia L, Sorbello V, Di Stefano A, Usai C, Massaglia GM, et al. Bradykinin B2 receptor expression in the bronchial mucosa of allergic asthmatics: The role of NF‐kB. ClinExp Allergy. 2016;46(3):428-38.
  21. Matera MG, Calzetta L, Cazzola M. TNF-α inhibitors in asthma and COPD: We must not throw the baby out with the bath water. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2010;23(2):121-28.
  22. Mukhopadhyay S, Hoidal JR, Mukherjee TK. Role of TNFα in pulmonary pathophysiology. Respir Res. 2006;11(7):125.
  23. Kalesi M, Gaeini A, Shabkhiz F, Samadi A, Tork F. The effect of a period of discontinuous endurance exercise on ICAM-1 and lipid profile of non-athletic male students. Jsums Med sab.2011;18(3):198-205. (In Persian).
  24. Vieira RD, Toledo AC, Silva LB, Almeida FM, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Caldini EG, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of aerobic exercise in mice exposed to air pollution. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(7):1227-34.
  25. Yu YB, Liao YW, Su KH, Chang TM, Shyue SK, Kou YR, et al. Prior exercise training alleviates the lung inflammation induced by subsequent exposure to environmental cigarette smoke. ActaPhysiol (Oxf). 2012;205(4):532-40.
  26. Fashi M, Agha-Alinejad H, Mahabadi HA, Rezaei B, Pakrad BB, Rezaei S. The effect of aerobic exercise in ambient particulate matter on lung tissue inflammation and lung cancer. Iran J Cancer Prev. 2015;8(3): 2333.
  27. Dempsey JA, Romer L, Rodman J, Miller J, Smith C. Consequences of exercise-induced respiratory muscle work. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2006. 28;151(2-3):  242-50.
  28. Enright SJ, Unnithan VB, Heward C, Withnall L, Davies DH. Effect of high-intensity inspiratory muscle training on lung volumes, diaphragm thickness, and exercise capacity in subjects who are healthy. Phys Ther. 2006;86(3):345-54.
  29. Mirdar Sh , Arab A, Hedayati M, Hajizade A. The effect of pregnant rat swimming on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α levels of neonatal lung. TUMS. 2012.1;69(12):    754-60. (In Persian).
  30. Abbass GN, NavabehZare K, Saleh Rahmati A, Rozita F. Visfatin gene responses to 8 weeks of treadmill running with or without pistachio atlantica liquid extraction in female rat tissues.FNS. 2012;28: 1144 –9.
  31. Normando VM, Mazzoli-Rocha F, Moreira DK, Barcellos BC, Picanço-Diniz DW, Zin WA. Regular exercise training attenuates pulmonary inflammatory responses to inhaled alumina refinery dust in mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2013.1;186(1):     53-60.
  32. Matsui E. Aerobic exercise attenuates airway inflammatory responses in a mouse model of atopic asthma. J Immunol. 2004.1;172(7):4520-6.
  33. Rabinovich RA, Figueras M, Ardite E, Carbó N, Troosters T, Filella X, et al. Increased tumour necrosis factor‐α plasma levels during moderate-intensity exercise in COPD patients. EurRespir J. 2003;21(5):789-94.
  34. Jing H, Lee S. NF-{kappa} B in cellular senescence and cancer treatment. Mol Cells. 2014;37(3):189-95.
Sport Physiology
Volume 10, Issue 37
Spring 2018
April 2018
Pages 153-166

  • Receive Date 08 October 2016
  • Revise Date 03 January 2017
  • Accept Date 04 January 2017