Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Associate Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Isfahan
2 Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Guilan
3 Professor of Sport Physiology, University of Isfahan
4 M.Sc. of Sport Physiology, University of Isfahan
Abstract
The aim of this study was to construct physical fitness Norms for men aged 18-60 years of Isfahan. This study was a descriptive normative research and a number of 396 men, (Mean: 39.47±12.44 years; Height: 170.0±6.20 cm; Weight: 71.26±8.54 kg; BMI: 24.65±2.92 kg/m2) aged 18-60 years of Isfahan, randomly selected as subjects. The measurement tools of this study were physical fitness standard tests include; Flexibility sit & Reach, Rockport 1mile walking/Running, curl up, hand grip and push up tests, that have been used for construction of norms. Descriptive statistics and computation of Z scores and point percentages were used to construction of norms. The analysis of research findings reveals that cardiovascular endurance mean (43.8 ml.kg.min), body fat percent (17.79%), Handgrip (36.04 kg), Endurance of shoulder girdle muscles (16.29 push-up), flexibility (29.18 cm) and endurance of abdominal muscles of subjects (22.95 curl-up) were respectively. Compared to available norms in this area and other countries, findings of results revealed that in cardiovascular endurance, endurance of abdominal muscles and handgrip strength, subjects were in weak conditions, also in endurance of shoulder girdle & body fat percent in moderate, but in flexibility of body, they have nearly optimal conditions. In generally, physical fitness status and regular physical activity of subjects were not optimal.
Keywords
Main Subjects
2. Huey-Tzy C, Chien-Hsun L, Li-Hui Y. Normative physical fitness scores for community-dwelling older adults. J Nur Res. 2009; 17(1):12-6.
3. Ortega B, Artero EG, Ruiz RJ, España-Romero, V, Jimenez-Pavón D, Vicente-Rodriguez, G, et al. Physical fitness levels among European adolescents: the HELENA study. Br J Sports Med. 2011; 45 (1): 20–9.
4. Heimer S, Misigoj-Durakovic M, Ruzie L, Matkovic B, Prskalo I, Jankovic S, et al. Fitness level of adult economically active population in the republic of Croatia estimated by Euro fit System. Coll. Antropol, 2004; 28 (1):223–33.
5. Zolaktaf V. Evaluation of body composition and cardio-respiratory fitness of men and women workers, and constructions of fitness national norms, Unpublished Research report, SSRC. 2008; 145-58. (In Persian)
6. Ravasi A. Evaluation of body composition and cardio-respiratory fitness of workers, and constructions of fitness national norms. Unpublished Research Report, SSRC. 2008; 57-64. (In Persian)
7. Agha Alinejad H. Evaluation of body composition and cardio-respiratory fitness of Iranian women, and construction of fitness national norms. Unpublished Research Report, SSRC. 2008; 88-92. (In Persian)
8. Minasian V. Construction of physical fitness national norms for men aged 50-65y of Isfahan City& comparison of them with available norms. Unpublished Research Report, SSRC. 2009; 100-5. (In Persian)
9. Schibye B, Hansen AF. Aerobic power and muscle strength among young and elderly workers with and without physically demanding work tasks. Appl. Ergon. 2001; 32 (5):425–31.
10. Vincent WJ. Statistics in kinesiology. Translated by Minasian V. Tehran. Elm-o- Harekat Pub. 2009; 168-79. (In Persian)
11. Margaret JS. Complete guide to youth fitness testin. Champaign, Human kinetics. 1995; 12-25.
12. Hoffman J. Norms for fitness, performance and health. Leeds, Human kinetics. 2006; 115-65.
13. Jaana S, Paulina, H, Marjo R. Fitness for Health: The ALPHA-FIT test battery for adults aged 18–69, Published by European Union, DG SANCO, and the UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland. 2009; 11-28.
14. David CN. Exercise testing and prescription: A health related approach. 6th Edition, Chicago; McMcgraw-Hill Company 2007; 25-155.
15. Dwyer GB, Shala ED. ACSM's Health-related physical fitness assessment manual. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2005; 55-158.
16. Gene A. Exercise physiology laboratory manual, 4th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishers. 2002; 225-8.
17. Häkkinen A, Rinne M, Vasankari T, Santtila M, Häkkinen K, Kyröläinen H. Association of physical with health-related quality of life in Finnish young men. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010; 8 (15):1-8.
18. Koen de Jong J, Lemmink KA, Stevens M, De Greef MH, Rispens P, King AC, et al. Six-month effects of the Groningen active living model on physical activity, health and fitness outcomes in sedentary and underactive older adults aged 55–65. Patient Educ Couns. 2006; 62 (1):132–41.
19. Ramsay SE, Whincup PH, Shaper AG, Wannamethee SG. The Relations of Body Composition and Adiposity Measures to ill Health and Physical Disability in Elderly Men. Am J Epidemiol. 2006; 164(5):459–69.
20. McIntosh G, Wilson L, Affleck M, Hall H. Trunk and Lower extremity muscle Endurance: Normative data for adults. J Rehab Outcomes Meas. 1998; 2(4): 20-39.
21. Bulik CM, Wade TD, Heath AC, Martin NG, Stunkard AJ, Eaves LJ. Relating body mass index to figural stimuli: Population-based normative data for Caucasians. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001; 25 (10):1517–24.
22. Wi-Young S, Dai-Hyuk C. Differences in physical fitness and cardiovascular function depend on BMI in Korean men. J Sports Sci Med. 2010; 9(2): 239-44.
23. Pennathur A, Magham R, Contreras LR, Dowling W. Daily living activities in older adults: Part I- a review of physical activity and dietary intake assessment methods. Int J Ind Ergom. 2003; 32 (6): 389–404.
24. Sallis JF, Bowles HR, Bauman A, Ainsworth BE, Bull FC, Craig CL, et al. Neighborhood environments and physical activity among adults in 11 countries. Am J Prev Med. 2009; 36(6): 484-90.
25. Kristina S, Jan Q, Jan S, Sven-Erik J. Frequent and Occasional Physical activity in the elderly: A 12-year follow-up study of mortality. Am J Prev Med. 2004; 27 (1): 22-7.
26. Huey-Tzy C, Chien-Hsun L, Li-Hui Y. Normative physical fitness scores for community-dwelling older Adults. J Nurs Res. 2009; 17 (1):30-40.
27. Tommy H, Rune H, Stephen S. Normative data of BMI and physical fitness in a Norwegian sample of early adolescents. Scand J Public Health. 2014; 42 (1):67–73.
28. Élvio ER, Maia JA, Beunen G.P, Blimkie CJ, Fena EM, Freitas D. Functional fitness and physical activity of Portuguese community-residing older adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2013; 21(1):1-19.