Sport Physiology

Sport Physiology

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Saffron Supplementation on Enzymatic Antioxidant Defense Biomarkers in Exercise

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Masoumeh Helalizadeh 1
Mohammadreza Labbafi Hoseinabadi 2
Hadi Rohani 1
Reza Hajiaghaee 2
Elaheh Hatami 3
1 Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute
2 Assistant Professor of Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
3 M.Sc. in Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute
10.22089/spj.2018.6443.1817
Abstract
The aim of present study was to perform a meta-analysis on the conflict results of several surveys about the effectiveness of saffron supplementation on enzymatic antioxidant defense biomarkers in exercise. This meta-analysis has collected results from four qualified studies. All researches were control case study (n=70) and had evaluated the effectiveness of saffron supplementation before aerobic exercise on Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enzymes amounts. Regard to non-significant P-value (P=0.155) in I2 index, fixed effects model has been used. The statistical analyze of research was done by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2, and the effect size was measured by Standardized Mean Difference (SMD). Generally, 10 effect sizes were observed in researches which five effect sizes were positive and five effect sizes were negative. According to the results, SMD of antioxidant enzymes in saffaron group (SMD=0.671) was significant toward control group (Confidence interval= 0.337-1.005, P=0.01), and SMD of antioxidant enzymes in saffaron+exercise group  (SMD=0.77) was also significant toward control group (Confidence interval= 0.436-1.105, P=0.01). In the case of estimating antioxidant defense via Catalase, SMD in saffaron group (SMD=0.604) was significant toward control group (Confidence interval= 0.048-1.161, P=0.05), whereas SMD in saffaron+exercise group (SMD=0.243) was not significant toward control group (Confidence interval= -0.302-0.789). In the case of estimating antioxidant defense via SOD, the SMD in saffaron group (SMD=1.464) was significant toward control group (Confidence interval= -0.846-2.082, P=0.01), and SMD in saffaron+exercise group  (SMD=1.306) was also significant toward control group (Confidence interval= 0.705-1.908, p=0.01). Based on collecting the studies results, it can be concluded that saffron supplementation may enhance enzymatic antioxidant defense and lower exercise induced-oxidative stress. However, the most effectiveness of saffron has observed on SOD enzyme amount, whereas saffron effectiveness on exercise induced-Catalase amount was not proven in this study.
Keywords
Saffron
Medicinal Herb
Supplementation
Aerobic Exercise
Enzymatic Antioxidant Defense

Subjects

  1. Thirumalai T, Therasa SV, Elumalai EK, David E. Intense and exhaustive exercise induce oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2011;1(1):63-6.
  2. Belviranl M, Gökbel H, Okudan N, Başaralı K. Effects of grape seed extract supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress in rats. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(2):249-56.
  3. Dias T, Rosario Bronze M, Houghton P, Mota Filipe H, Paulo A. The flavonoid-rich fraction of Coreopsis tinctoria promotes glucose tolerance regain through pancreatic function recovery in streptozotocin-induced glucose-intolerant rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;132(2):483-90.
  4. Keong Chen Ch, Singh Harbindar J, Singh R. Effects of palm vitamin E supplementation on exercise induced oxidative stress and endurance performance in the heat. J. Sport Sci Med. 2006;5:629-39.
  5. Atashak S. A review of the antioxidant effects of medicinal plants in athletes. J. Med. plants. 2013;14(2):1-14.
  6. Zolfeghar Didani H, Kargarfard M, Azad Marjani V. The effects of vitamin supplementation on oxidative stress indices after anaerobic activity in Water Polo players. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2012;30:1119-30.
  7. Fogarty MC, Hughes CM, Burke G, Brown J, Trinick TR, Duly E, et al. Exercise-induced lipid peroxidation: Implications for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and systemic free radical production. Environ Mol Mut. 2011;52:35-42.
  8. Tauler P, Sureda A, Cases N, Aguiló A, Rodríguez-Marroyo JA, Villa G. Increased lymphocyte antioxidant defences in response to exhaustive exercise do not prevent oxidative damage. J Nutr Biochem. 2006;17:665-71.
  9. Valado A, Pereira L, Paula C. Effect of the intense anaerobic exercise on nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in studies of oxidative stress. J Biol Biomed Engineer. 2007;1:78-82.
  10. Goldfarb A, McKenzie M, Bloomer R. Gender comparisons of exercise-induced oxidative stress: Influence of antioxidant supplementation. APPL PHYSIOL NUTR ME. 2007;32:1124-31.
  11. Razavi B, Imanshahidi M, Abnus K, Hosseinzade H. Cardiovascular effects of saffron and its active constituents: A review article. Saffron Agron & Technol. 2013;1(2):3-13. (In Persian).
  12. Imenshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H, Javadpour Y. Hypotensive effect of aqueous saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) and its constituents, Safranal and Crocin, in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Phytother Res. 2010;24:990-4.
  13. Sheng L, Qian Z, Zheng S, Xi L. Mechanism of hypolipidemic effect of crocin in rats: Crocin inhibits pancreatic lipase. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2006;543:    116-22.
  14. Grisolia S. Hypoxia, saffron and cardiovascular disease. Lancet. 1974;2:41-2.
  15. Herbold NH, Visconti BK, Frates S, Bandini L. Traditional and nontraditional supplement use in collegiate female varsity athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exer Met. 2004;14:586-93.
  16. Moradi Z, Shemshaki F, Basami M. The effects of saffron supaseandplementation on changes in superoxide dismutase and catalase during strenuous anaerobic exercise in young women. Sport Physiol. 2012;14(4):119-30. (In Persian).
  17. Meamarbashi A, Rajabi A. Preventive effects of 10-day supplementation with saffron and Indomethacin on the delayed-onset muscle soreness. Clinic J Sport Med. 2014;18:53-66. (In Persian).
  18. Atashak S. A review of the antioxidant effects of medicinal plants in athletes. J. Med Scie. 2015; 14(54).1-14.
  19. Sari-Sarraf V, Babaei H, Hagravan J, Zolfi HR. The effects of short-term grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation on malondialdehyde and serum creatine kinase subsequent to aerobic exercise in men. Modern Olympic. 2015;2(2):105- 16.
  20. Emamghoreshi M, Ghasemi F. The effect of subchronic administration of the aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Crocussativus from Estahbanat, Fars province, on mice. Armaghane-Danesh. 2011;6(16):527-36. (In Persian).
  21. Fatehi M, Rashidabady T, Fatehi-Hassanabad Z. Effects of Crocus sativus petals extract on rat blood pressure and on responses induced by electrical field stimulation in the rat isolated vas deferens and guinea-pig ileum. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2003;84    (2-3):199-203.
  22. Hosseinzade H, Karimi G, Niapoor M. Antidepressant effect of Crocus sativus L.stigma extracts and their constitutes, crocin and safranal, in mice. J. Med Plants. 2004;11:48-58. (In Persian).
  23. Moghadam MH, Shahabian M, Esmaeili H, Hossein Zadeh H. Safety evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus) tablets in healthy volunteers. Phytomedicine. 2008;15:   1032-7. (In Persian).
  24. Razavi B, Imanshahidi M, Abnus K, Hosseinzade H. Cardiovascular effects of saffron and its active constituents: A review article. Saffron Agron & Technol. 2013;1(2):    3-13. (In Persian).
  25. Sheng L, Qian Z, Zheng S, Xi L. Mechanism of hypolipidemic effect of crocin in rats: Crocin inhibits pancreatic lipase. Europ J. Pharmacol. 2006;543:116-22.
  26. Memarbashi A, Hakimi V. Effects of saffron supplementation on the cardio-respiratory endurance in healthy inactive girls. J saffron agron technol. 2014;2(3):225-30.
  27. Khosravi A, Mirzaei B, Mehrabani J, Rasoulian B. The interaction effects of aerobic training and Saffron extracts consumption on anti-oxidant defense system of heart and brain premotor cortex of young male rats following an acute bout of exhaustive endurance exercise. J. Sport Physiol. 2014;7(25):109-30.
  28. Moradi Z, Shemshaki A, Basami M. Effect of acute aerobic exercise with saffron supplementation on non-oxidative stress in young female athletes. Paper presented at: 6th national congress of physical education and sport sciences students of Iran; Tehran: Iran. 2011;12-5.
  29. Varmazyar M, Azarbayjani M. The effect of saffron supplementation on antioxidant enzymes activities during a session eccentric exercise in active males. J. Med Plants. 2014;2(50):54-63.
  30. Sanai M, Azarbayjani M, Piri M. Effect of saffron extract on cratinin, carbonil protein and CRP after acute running in inactive men. [Masterʼ thesis]. [Tehran]: Islamic Azad University, Tehran Markazi Branch; 2012.
  31. Akbari M. Memarbashi A, Siahkouhian M. Investigation of saffron consumption on cardio-respiratory endurance of non-active female students of university of Ardabil. [Masterʼ thesis]. [Ardabil]: Ardabil University; 2012.
  32. Piri M, Mosalman Haghighi M, Azarbaijani M, Khajehloo A. Effect of saffron extract and aerobic exercise on non-enzymetic hepatic antioxidants in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J. sport biosci res. 2012;7:5-16.
  33. Fazel KalkhoranJ, ShibakA. Effect of saffron extract and aerobic exercise on some indices of oxidative stress in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J. sport biosci. 2013;5(4):   1-19.
  34. Jalili M, Azarbayjani MA, Matin-Homai H. Effect of saffron extract on non-enzymetic antioxidants after acute running in young males. [Masterʼ thesis]. [Tehran]. Islamic Azad University, Tehran Markazi Branch; 2012.
  35. Moradi Z, Shemshaki A, Basami M. Effect of acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise with saffron supplementation on some non-oxidative enzymes in young athlete females. [Masterʼ thesis]. [Tehran]. Al-Zahra University; 2010.
  36. Peeri M, Mosalman Haghigh M, Azarbayejani MA, Atashak S. Effect of aqueous extract of saffron and aerobic training on hepatic non enzymatic antioxidant levels in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Arch Des Sci. 2012;65(10):525-32.
Sport Physiology
Volume 12, Issue 45
Spring 2020
Spring 2020
Pages 129-152

  • Receive Date 29 September 2018
  • Revise Date 20 November 2018
  • Accept Date 04 December 2018