Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Ph.D. Student of Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
3 Associate Professor in Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to compare the effect of an eight-week LIET and HIIT, on the amount of HIG2 gene and TG content of visceral lipid tissue in wistar male rats affected by NAFLD. The present research was performed on 40 wistar rats affected by NAFLD. The rats were divided into four-ten groups Healthy Control (Standard Diet), control, LIET and HIIT (High fat diet). After 16-weeks of using special diet and end of practical or training period. HIIT training protocol consisted 90% and The LIET training protocol composed of running with 45% maximum speed intensity. HIG2 gene expression by real-time PCR technique and TG measurements visceral lipid tissue was done by auto analyzer (BT3000 model). Analysis of data revealed that there is no significant difference in HIG2 gene expression among training groups compared to control groups (p=0.05). The increasing significance was observed in HIG2 gene expression amount merely in control group (p=0/039) compared to experimental group. There was a significant deference in the amount of TG content between control group and LIET group (p=0/001) and between control group and HIIT group (p=0/001) and between LIET and HIIT group (p= 0/003). It can be concluded that considerable continuation of fatty diet during the training and the influence of exercises on the amount of TG; and on effect on HIG2 gene expression demonstrate that each of the tow training program, independent of HIG2 gene, had an effect on visceral fat content in NAFLD affected rats.
Keywords
- Intra-Abdominal Fat
- High-Intensity Interval Training
- hypoxia-inducible protein 2
- Triglyceride
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Main Subjects
- Gramlich T, Kleiner DE, McCullough AJ, Matteoni CA, Boparai N, Younossi ZM. Pathologic features associated with fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hum Pathol. 2004;35(2):196-9.
- Amanat S, Eftekhari M, Bagheri Lankarani K, Fararouei M. Effect of Genistein Supplementation on Insulin Sensitivity, Insulin Resistance, and Beta Cells function Index in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: a Randomized, Controlled Trial. Iranian J Nutr Sci Food Technol. 2018;13(1):1-10. (In Persian).
- Stephen S, Baranova A, Younossi ZM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and bariatric surgery. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;6(2):163-71.
- Farese Jr RV, Walther TC. Lipid droplets finally get a little RESPECT. Cell. 2009;139(5):855-60.
- Turro S, Ingelmo-Torres M, Estanyol JM, Tebar F, Fernandez MA, Albor CV, et al. Identification and characterization of associated with lipid droplet protein 1: A novel membrane-associated protein that resides on hepatic lipid droplets. Traffic. 2006;7(9):1254-69.
- Li H, Song Y, Zhang LJ, Gu Y, Li FF, Pan SY, et al. LSDP5 enhances triglyceride storage in hepatocytes by influencing lipolysis and fatty acid beta-oxidation of lipid droplets. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e36712.
- Brasaemle DL, Subramanian V, Garcia A, Marcinkiewicz A, Rothenberg A. Perilipin A and the control of triacylglycerol metabolism. Mol Cell Biochem. 2009;326(1-2):15-21.
- Sahini N, Borlak J. Recent insights into the molecular pathophysiology of lipid droplet formation in hepatocytes. Prog Lipid Res. 2014;54:86-112.
- DiStefano MT, Danai LV, Roth Flach RJ, Chawla A, Pedersen DJ, Guilherme A, et al. The Lipid Droplet Protein Hypoxia-inducible Gene 2 Promotes Hepatic Triglyceride Deposition by Inhibiting Lipolysis. J Biol Chem. 2015;290(24):15175-84.
- Quiroga AD, Lehner R. Liver triacylglycerol lipases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012;1821(5):762-9.
- Houghton D, Thoma C, Hallsworth K, Cassidy S, Hardy T, Burt AD, et al. Exercise Reduces Liver Lipids and Visceral Adiposity in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(1):96-102 e3.
- Shaw K, Gennat H, O'Rourke P, Del Mar C. Exercise for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006(4):CD003817.
- Wu T, Gao X, Chen M, van Dam RM. Long-term effectiveness of diet-plus-exercise interventions vs. diet-only interventions for weight loss: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2009;10(3):313-23.
- Motta VF, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. High-intensity interval training beneficial effects in diet-induced obesity in mice: adipose tissue, liver structure, and pancreatic islets. Int J Morphol. 2016;34(2):684-91.
- Trapp EG, Chisholm DJ, Boutcher SH. Metabolic response of trained and untrained women during high-intensity intermittent cycle exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007;293(6):R2370-5.
- Bussau VA, Ferreira LD, Jones TW, Fournier PA. The 10-s maximal sprint: a novel approach to counter an exercise-mediated fall in glycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(3):601-6.
- Nevill ME, Holmyard DJ, Hall GM, Allsop P, van Oosterhout A, Burrin JM, et al. Growth hormone responses to treadmill sprinting in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996;72(5-6):460-7.
- DiStefano MT. A role for the lipid droplet protein HIG2 in promoting lipid deposition in liver and adipose tissue [Ph.D. dissertation]. [Massachusetts]: University of Massachusetts Medical School; 2016.
- Cho J, Koh Y, Han J, Kim D, Kim T, Kang H. Adiponectin mediates the additive effects of combining daily exercise with caloric restriction for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver. Int J Obes (Lond). 2016;40(11):1760-7.
- Shen Y, Xu X, Yue K, Xu G. Effect of different exercise protocols on metabolic profiles and fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle in high-fat diet-fed rats. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2015;23(5):1000-6.
- Lofgren L, Forsberg GB, Stahlman M. The BUME method: a new rapid and simple chloroform-free method for total lipid extraction of animal tissue. Sci Rep. 2016;6:27688.
- Sohrabipour S, Sharifi MR, Talebi A, Sharifi M, Soltani N. GABA dramatically improves glucose tolerance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed with high-fat diet. Eur J Pharmacol. 2018;826:75-84.
- Racil G, Ben Ounis O, Hammouda O, Kallel A, Zouhal H, Chamari K, et al. Effects of high vs. moderate exercise intensity during interval training on lipids and adiponectin levels in obese young females. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013;113(10):2531-40.
- Moosavi-Sohroforouzani A, Ganbarzadeh M. Reviewing the physiological effects of aerobic and resistance training on insulin resistance and some biomarkers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Feyz. 2016;20(3):282-96. (In Persian).
- Nikroo H, Nematy M, Sima H, AttarzadeHosseini S, Pezeshki M, Esmaeilzadeh A, et al. Therapeutic effects of aerobic exercise and low-calorie diet on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Govaresh. 2013;17(4):245-53. (In Persian).
- Byrne CD. Hypoxia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2009;118(6):397-400.
- Gimm T, Wiese M, Teschemacher B, Deggerich A, Schödel J, Knaup KX, et al. Hypoxia-inducible protein 2 is a novel lipid droplet protein and a specific target gene of hypoxia-inducible factor-1. FASEB J. 2010;24(11):4443-58.
- Shepherd SO, Cocks M, Tipton KD, Ranasinghe AM, Barker TA, Burniston JG, et al. Sprint interval and traditional endurance training increase net intramuscular triglyceride breakdown and expression of perilipin 2 and 5. J Physiol. 2013;591(3):657-75.
- Okumura T. Role of lipid droplet proteins in liver steatosis. J Physiol Biochem. 2011;67(4):629-36.
- Nishino N, Tamori Y, Tateya S, Kawaguchi T, Shibakusa T, Mizunoya W, et al. FSP27 contributes to efficient energy storage in murine white adipocytes by promoting the formation of unilocular lipid droplets. J Clin Invest. 2008;118(8):2808-21.
- Trapp EG, Chisholm DJ, Freund J, Boutcher SH. The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32(4):684-91.
- Chapados NA, Seelaender M, Levy E, Lavoie JM. Effects of exercise training on hepatic microsomal triglyceride transfer protein content in rats. Horm Metab Res. 2009;41(4):287-93.
- Boudou P, Sobngwi E, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Vexiau P, Gautier JF. Absence of exercise-induced variations in adiponectin levels despite decreased abdominal adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic men. Eur J Endocrinol. 2003;149(5):421-4.
)