Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 M.Sc. of exercise physiology, Urmia University
2 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Urmia University
3 Professor of Biochemistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Abstract
Adipokine and inflammatory biomarkers, facilitate the degradation effects of obesity, such as insulin resistance that, are susceptible to induction of metabolic disease. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance, endurance and concurrent training on serum CTRP-12, Furin, KLF-15 and insulin resistance in sedentary obese men. 40 inactive obese men (30-45 yrs, BMI≥30) were randomly divided into 4 groups, resistance training, endurance training, concurrent training, and control. The training groups trained for 8 weeks, three sessions a week. Serum levels of CTRP-12, Furin and KLF-15 were measured using ELISA kits. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA at the significance level (p ≤ 0.05). The result of dependent t-test showed that KLF-15 values of endurance training groups (p = 0.006) and concurrent (p = 0.036) significantly increased. However, furin values in these two groups showed a significant decrease (p = 0.001 and p = 0.044, respectively). The values of CTRP-12 were only significant increase in the concurrent training group (p = 0.023). endurance (p = 0.009) and concurrent (p = 0.006) groups have significantly decreased in insulin resistance. In the intergroup analysis, aerobic training induces a significant cheange in KLF-15 (P = 0.039) and furin (p = 0.031) compared to control group. It seems that the use of endurance training, and in particular concurrent training, has a better effect on lipid profiles, as well as the upregulation of new anti-inflammatory adipokines such as KLF-15 and CTRP-12, and downregulatin of inflammatory adipokine furin
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Shephard RJ. Obesity in 2018: Do we have an epidemic, and if so what caused it? The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada. 2018;11(2):53-112.
- Scherer PE, Hill JA. Obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: a compendium. Am Heart Assoc; 2016:20 (17) 1703-1705.
- Hoevenaars FP, Keijer J, van der Stelt I, Duivenvoorde LP, Herreman L, van Nes R, et al. White Adipose Tissue Response of Obese Mice to Ambient Oxygen Restriction at Thermoneutrality: Response Markers Identified, but no WAT Inflammation. Genes. 2019;10(5):359-64.
- Villarroya F, Cereijo R, Villarroya J, Giralt M. Brown adipose tissue as a secretory organ. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2017;13(1):26-33.
- Tan BK, Chen J, Hu J, Amar O, Mattu HS, Ramanjaneya M, et al. Circulatory changes of the novel adipokine adipolin/CTRP 12 in response to metformin treatment and an oral glucose challenge in humans. Clinical endocrinology. 2014;81(6):841-46.
- Schäffler A, Buechler C. CTRP family: linking immunity to metabolism. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2012;23(4):194-204.
- Guo B, Li Y. GW26-e4592 Implication of C1q/TNF-related protein-12 (CTRP-12) in patients with coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2015;66(16): 67-73.
- Enomoto T, Ohashi K, Shibata R, Kambara T, Uemura Y, Yuasa D, et al. Transcriptional regulation of an insulin-sensitizing adipokine adipolin/CTRP12 in adipocytes by Krüppel-like factor 15. PloS one. 2013;8(12): 83183-89.
- Gorgani-Firuzjah M, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S. Elevated Serum CTRP12 (Adipoline) Level in Army Air Defense Personnel: A Case-Control Study. Paramedical Sciences and Military Health. 2017;12(1):1-6.
- Enomoto T, Shibata R, Ohashi K, Kambara T, Kataoka Y, Uemura Y, et al. Regulation of adipolin/CTRP12 cleavage by obesity. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2012;428(1):155-9.
- Bass J, Turck C, Rouard M, Steiner DF. Furin-mediated processing in the early secretory pathway: sequential cleavage and degradation of misfolded insulin receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2000;97(22):11905-9.
- Shirvani H, Arabzadeh E. Metabolic cross-talk between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training by regulation of PGC-1α. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2020: 25(1), 17-24.
- Rodriguez-Hernandez MG, Wadsworth DW. The effect of 2 walking programs on aerobic fitness, body composition, and physical activity in sedentary office employees. PloS one. 2019;14(1): 44-7.
- Kriketos AD, Gan SK, Poynten AM, Furler SM, Chisholm DJ, Campbell LV. Exercise increases adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity in humans. Diabetes care. 2004;27(2):629-30.
- Straczkowski M, Kowalska I, Dzienis-Straczkowska S, Stepien A, Skibinska E, Szelachowska M, et al. Changes in tumor necrosis factor-alpha system and insulin sensitivity during an exercise training program in obese women with normal and impaired glucose tolerance. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2001;145(3):273-80.
- Jackson AS, Pollock ML. Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. British journal of nutrition. 1978;40(3):497-504.
- Foster C, Jackson AS, Pollock ML, Taylor MM, Hare J, Sennett SM, et al. Generalized equations for predicting functional capacity from treadmill performance. American heart journal. 1984;107(6):1229-34.
- Son JS, Chae SA, Park BI, Du M, Song W. Plasma apelin levels in overweight/obese adults following a single bout of exhaustive exercise: A preliminary cross-sectional study. Endocrinologia, diabetes y nutricion. 2019: 66(5), 278-290.
- Brzycki M. A practical approach to strength training: Contemporary Books; 1995.
- Libardi CA, De GS, Cavaglieri CR, Madruga VA, Chacon-Mikahil M. Effect of resistance, endurance, and concurrent training on TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2012;44(1):50-6.
- AghaAlinejad H, Mehrabani J, AnsariDogahe R, Piri M. The influence of resistance, endurance, and combined resistance-endurance exercise training on interleukin-18 and C-reactive protein level in inactive female adolescents. Tabari Journal Of Preventive Medicine. 2016;2(1):38-47. (In Persian).
- Gray S, Feinberg MW, Hull S, Kuo CT, Watanabe M, Banerjee SS, et al. The Krüppel-like factor KLF15 regulates the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2002;277(37):34322-8.
- Enomoto T, Ohashi K, Shibata R, Higuchi A, Maruyama S, Izumiya Y, et al. Adipolin/C1qdc2/CTRP12 protein functions as an adipokine that improves glucose metabolism. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2011;286(40):34552-8.
- Balducci S, Zanuso S, Nicolucci A, Fernando F, Cavallo S, Cardelli P, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of exercise training in subjects with type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome is dependent on exercise modalities and independent of weight loss. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2010;20(8):608-17.
- Mehrdadi P, Mohammadi RK, Alipoor E, Eshraghian M, Esteghamati A, Hosseinzadeh-Attar M. The effect of coenzyme q10 supplementation on circulating levels of novel adipokine adipolin/CTRP12 in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. 2017;125(03):156-62.
- Choi HY, Park JW, Lee N, Hwang SY, Cho GJ, Hong HC, et al. Effects of a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program on C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP-3) and CTRP-5 levels. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(10):3321-7.
- Snowling NJ, Hopkins WG. Effects of different modes of exercise training on glucose control and risk factors for complications in type 2 diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. Diabetes care. 2006;29(11):2518-27.
- Eirin A, Riester SM, Zhu X-Y, Tang H, Evans JM, O'Brien D, et al. MicroRNA and mRNA cargo of extracellular vesicles from porcine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Gene. 2014;551(1):55-64.
- Rezaeian N, Ravasi AA, Soori R, Akbarnezhad A, Mirshafiey SA, Towfighi F. Effect of Resistance Training on Serum Levels of Adipolin and Insulin Resistance in Obese Women. Journal of Sport Biosciences. 2020;12(1):1-16. (In Persian).
)