Pathomorphological Changes of Macrophage and Adipose Tissue Change and Negative Energy Balance Methods in Unsaturated-High-Fat-Fed Male Obese Rats of Mesenteric and Retroperitoneal Areas to Food Content

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

University of Guilan, Faculty of Sport Sciences

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of 10-weeks of 4 energy restriction methods on histologic changes of adipose tissue and macrophage infiltration as well as glycemic indices in unsaturated-high-fat-fed obese male rats.
Methods & Materials: Blood and tissue samples were collected from 72 wistar male rats (weight 195±5g, age 8 weeks) at 1st, 18th and 28th weeks after overnight fasting. After first sampling, remaining 64 rats were randomly divided into two groups of control (n=16) and high-fat-diet (UHFD)(n=48). UHFD group was randomly divided into food content change (SD), exercise training (EX), combination (CR+EX) and unsaturated-high-fat-diet (UHFD) subgroups after 18 weeks. Ex group ran for 10 weeks (5d/wks.) with intensity equivalent to 70-75% of Vo2max. CR was implemented reducing 25% of energy intake and SD group used a change from UHFD to a standard diet. Histologic changes of retroperitoneal and mesenteric regions as well as macrophage infiltration were assessed after tissue passage, H&E staining and high-resolution microscopic picturing.
Results: The results of this study indicated that in comparison to UHFD, all experimental groups showed a significant difference in all glycemic indices and lipid profile variables (but HDL) as well as adipocyte size of studied adipocyte tissues (P > 0/05).
Conclusions: Therefore, it seems that regardless of the intervention type, energy intake manipulation methods possibly due to the reduction of adipocyte size had not change in macrophage infiltration to cause improvement in metabolic profiles.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Lee D-Y, Rhee E-J, Chang Y, Sohn CI, Shin H-C, Ryu S, Lee W-Y. Impact of systemic inflammation on the relationship between insulin resistance and all-cause and cancer-related mortality. Metabolism. 2018;81:52-62.
  2. Bessesen D, Bergouignan A. Behavior change strategies for increasing exercise and decreasing sedentary behaviors in diabetes. In: Diabetes and exercise. Cham: Humana Press; 2018, pp. 201-19.
  3. Sahin-Efe A, Upadhyay J, Ko B-J, Dincer F, Park KH, Migdal A, et al. Irisin and leptin concentrations in relation to obesity, and developing type 2 diabetes: a cross sectional and a prospective case-control study nested in the Normative Aging Study. Metabolism. 2018;79:24-32.
  4. Harris L, Melville C, Murray H, Hankey C. The effects of multi-component weight management interventions on weight loss in adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Res Dev Disabil. 2018;72:42-55.
  5. Thandapilly SJ, Raj P, Louis XL, Perera D, Yamanagedara P, Zahradka P, et al. Canola oil rich in oleic acid improves diastolic heart function in diet-induced obese rats. J Physiol Sci. 2017;67(3):425-30.
  6. Gray B, Steyn F, Davies P, Vitetta L. Omega-3 fatty acids: a review of the effects on adiponectin and leptin and potential implications for obesity management. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013;67(12):1234-42.
  7. Touati S, Meziri F, Devaux S, Berthelot A, Touyz RM, Laurant P. Exercise reverses metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(3):398-407.
  8. Stefanyk LE, Dyck DJ. The interaction between adipokines, diet and exercise on muscle insulin sensitivity. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010;13(3):255-9.
  9. Garekani ET, Mohebbi H, Kraemer RR, Fathi R. Exercise training intensity/volume affects plasma and tissue adiponectin concentrations in the male rat. Peptides. 2011;32(5):1008-12.
  10. Kingston RC, Smith M, Lacey T, Edwards M, Best JN, Markham CM. Voluntary exercise increases resilience to social defeat stress in Syrian hamsters. Physiology & Behavior. 2018;188:194-8.
  11. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499-502.
  12. Chapados N, Collin P, Imbeault P, Corriveau P, Lavoie J-M. Exercise training decreases in vitro stimulated lipolysis in a visceral (mesenteric) but not in the retroperitoneal fat depot of high-fat-fed rats. Br J Nutr. 2008;100(3):518-25.
  13. Tam J, Godlewski G, Earley BJ, Zhou L, Jourdan T, Szanda G, et al. Role of adiponectin in the metabolic effects of cannabinoid type 1 receptor blockade in mice with diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2014;306(4):E457-E68.
  14. den Besten G, Bleeker A, Gerding A, van Eunen K, Havinga R, van Dijk TH, et al. Short-chain fatty acids protect against high-fat diet–induced obesity via a PPARγ-dependent switch from lipogenesis to fat oxidation. Diabetes. 2015;64(7):2398-408.
  15. Nguyen S, Shao D, Tomasi LC, Braun A, de Mattos ABM, Choi YS, et al. The effects of fatty acid composition on cardiac hypertrophy and function in mouse models of diet-induced obesity. J Nutr Biochem. 2017; 46:137-142.
  16. Skurk T, Alberti-Huber C, Herder C, Hauner H. Relationship between adipocyte size and adipokine expression and secretion. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2007;92(3):1023-33.
  17. Wang Y, Meng R-W, Kunutsor SK, Chowdhury R, Yuan J-M, Koh W-P, et al. Plasma adiponectin levels and type 2 diabetes risk: a nested case-control study in a Chinese population and an updated meta-analysis. Scientific Reports. 2018;8(1):406.
  18. Allister-Price C, Craig CM, Spielman D, Cushman SS, McLaughlin TL. Metabolic markers, regional adiposity, and adipose cell size: relationship to insulin resistance in African-American as compared with Caucasian women. International Journal of Obesity. 2019;43(6):1164-73.
  19. Miyazaki S, Izawa T, Ogasawara JE, Sakurai T, Nomura S, Kizaki T, et al. Effect of exercise training on adipocyte-size-dependent expression of leptin and adiponectin. Life Sci. 2010;86(17-18):691-8.
  20. Hara T, Fujiwara H, Nakao H, Mimura T, Yoshikawa T, Fujimoto S. Body composition is related to increase in plasma adiponectin levels rather than training in young obese men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005;94(5-6):520-6.
  21. Teixeira-Lemos E, Nunes S, Teixeira F, Reis F. Regular physical exercise training assists in preventing type 2 diabetes development: focus on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011;28(3):10-9.
  22. Oliver P, Ribot J, Rodriguez A, Sanchez J, Pico C, Palou A. Resistin as a putative modulator of insulin action in the daily feeding/fasting rhythm. Pflügers Archiv. 2006;452(3):260-7.
  23. Stelmanska E, Kmiec Z, Swierczynski J. The gender-and fat depot-specific regulation of leptin, resistin and adiponectin genes expression by progesterone in rat. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2012;132(1):160-7.
  24. Awazawa M, Ueki K, Inabe K, Yamauchi T, Kubota N, Kaneko K, et al. Adiponectin enhances insulin sensitivity by increasing hepatic IRS-2 expression via a macrophage-derived IL-6-dependent pathway. Cell Metab. 2011;13(4):401-12.
  25. Lovren F, Pan Y, Quan A, Szmitko P, E., Singh K, K., Shukla P, C., et al. Adiponectin primes human monocytes into alternative anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010;299(3):H656-H63.
  26. Mandal P, Pratt B, T., Barnes M, McMullen M, R., Nagy L, E. Molecular mechanism for adiponectin-dependent M2 macrophage polarization link between the metabolic and innate immune activity of full-length adiponectin. J Biol Chem. 2011;286(15):13460-9.
  27. Guerre-Millo M. Adiponectin: an update. Diabetes & metabolism. 2008;34(1):12-8.
  28. Tian L, Luo N, Klein RL, Chung BH, Garvey WT, Fu Y. Adiponectin reduces lipid accumulation in macrophage foam cells. Atherosclerosis. 2009;202(1):152-61.
  29. Trayhurn P, Wood IS. Adipokines: inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue. Br J Nutr. 2004;92(3):347-55.
  30. Kosteli A, Sugaru E, Haemmerle G, Martin JF, Lei J, Zechner R, et al. Weight loss and lipolysis promote a dynamic immune response in murine adipose tissue. J Clin Invest. 2010;120(10):3466-79.
  31. Khan T, Muise ES, Iyengar P, Wang ZV, Chandalia M, Abate N, et al. Metabolic dysregulation and adipose tissue fibrosis: role of collagen VI. Mol Cell Biol. 2009;29(6):1575-91.
  32. Murano I, Barbatelli G, Parisani V, Latini C, Muzzonigro G, Castellucci M, et al. Dead adipocytes, detected as crown-like structures, are prevalent in visceral fat depots of genetically obese mice. J Lipid Res. 2008;49(7):1562-8.
  33. Ouchi N, Ohashi K, Shibata R, Murohara T. Adipocytokines and obesity-linked disorders. Nagoya J Med Sci. 2012;74(1-2):19-30.
  34. Gordon S. Alternative activation of macrophages. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2003;3(1):23-35.
  35. Spalding KL, Arner E, Westermark PO, Bernard S, Buchholz BA, Bergmann O, et al. Dynamics of fat cell turnover in humans. Nature. 2008;453(7196):783-7.
  36. Cinti S, Mitchell G, Barbatelli G, Murano I, Ceresi E, Faloia E, et al. Adipocyte death defines macrophage localization and function in adipose tissue of obese mice and humans. J Lipid Res. 2005;46(11):2347-55.
  37. de Victoria E, O, M., Xu X, Koska J, Francisco A, M., Scalise M, Ferrante A, W., et al. Macrophage content in subcutaneous adipose tissue associations with adiposity, age, inflammatory markers, and whole-body insulin action in healthy Pima Indians. Diabetes. 2009;58(2):385-93.
  38. Burneiko RC, Diniz YS, Galhardi CM, Rodrigues HG, Ebaid GM, Faine LA, et al. Interaction of hypercaloric diet and physical exercise on lipid profile, oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006;44(7):1167-72.
  39. Christiansen T, Paulsen SK, Bruun JM, Ploug T, Pedersen SB, Richelsen B. Diet-induced weight loss and exercise alone and in combination enhance the expression of adiponectin receptors in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, but only diet-induced weight loss enhanced circulating adiponectin. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2010;95(2):911-9.
  40.  

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 27 December 2019
  • Revise Date: 30 May 2020
  • Accept Date: 22 June 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics