Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 M.Sc. of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
4 Assistant Professor at Institute of Pharmacology, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences & Neuroscience Research Center, Oral and Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Iran
Abstract
Decline in catecholamine levels is an effective factor in occurrence of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of 12-week aerobic training, yoga and omega-3 consumption on hyperactivity and urine catecholamine levels in 7-11 years old hyperactive students. 43 students were randomly assigned to healthy control (n=8), HDAD control (n=9), HDAD omega-3 (n=9), HDAD exercise (n=9), HDAD exercise+omega-3 (n=9) groups. Exercise groups performed 12 weeks of aerobic and yoga training (Every week for long five 60-minute sessions) and supplementation groups consumed omega-3 supplement (1200 mg). Urine epinephrine and norepinephrine levels and degree of hyperactivity were measured before and after the study, and were compared between groups using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). At the beginning of the study, the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the HDAD control group were significantly lower than the healthy control (P<0.01). At the end of the study, epinephrine levels in the omega-3 group (P<0.01), norepinephrine levels in the exercise group (P<0.01), and both norepinephrine and epinephrine levels in exercise+omega-3 group were significantly higher than the ADHD control group. Post values of hyperactivity in the omega-3 group (P<0.01), exercise group (P<0.01), and exercise+omega-3 group (P<0.01) were significantly lower than the ADHD control group. Post values of hyperactivity in the exercise+omega-3 group were also significantly lower than the exercise group (P<0.01). In conclusion, the present study showed that omega-3 consumption and aerobic training improve hyperactivity with increasing epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, respectively, and simultaneous implementation of these variables exaggerate these beneficial effects.
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