Morning And Evening Effect Of Exercise On Circadian Rhythm Of Cardiac Hemodynamic And Autonomic Variables

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate in Cardiorespiratory Exercise Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate perofessor, Prognostic Factors and Regulatory Factors of Cardiac and Vascular Pathologies (EA3920), Exercise Performance Health Innovation (EPHI) Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France

Abstract

Exercise as a modulator of circadian rhythm causes post exercise hypotension, the magnitude, and duration of this hypotensive effect are differ depending on many situations, including changes in the autonomic system. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of morning and evening exercise on the circadian rhythm of heart hemodynamic and autonomic variables. 8 young healthy men (mean 32 ± 3 years old) attended the laboratory in 3 different sessions and performed an HIIE included 10 reps at 90% and 9 recoveries at 30% of VO2max in the morning (08:00) and evening (16:00) and a control. In all three sessions 24hr assessment of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure was measured every 15 min (day) and every 45 min (night) and every 5 min for autonomic variables (nuLF، nuHF، nuLFHFR and VLF). The results showed that the BP changes after exercise are visible to 19hr and 20hr in the morning and evening, respectively (p<0.01). The average changes in BP in sleep, awake and 24hr assessment showed that the BP is significantly lower after exercise compared to the control trial (p<0.01). In addition, 3 to 8 hours after exercise in the morning and 5 to 6 hours after exercise in the afternoon post exercise hypotension occurred (p<0.05). In conclusion, exercise regardless of performing time of day has a lowering effect on hemodynamic variables. Furthermore, morning exercise had more impact on decreasing the BP during sleep, while evening exercise had more impact on awake and 24hr BP.

Keywords

References

  1. Guo Y-F, Stein PK. Circadian rhythm in the cardiovascular system: chronocardiology. American heart journal. 2003;145(5):779-86.
  2. Lee H, Cho CH, Kim L. Human circadian rhythms. Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology. 2014;21(2):51-60.
  3. Atkinson G, Jones H, Ainslie PN. Circadian variation in the circulatory responses to exercise: relevance to the morning peaks in strokes and cardiac events. European journal of applied physiology. 2010;108(1):15-29.
  4. Committee NHBPEPC. Report on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150:2270-80.
  5. Hower IM, Harper SA, Buford TW. Circadian rhythms, exercise, and cardiovascular health. Journal of circadian rhythms. 2018;16.
  6. Cohen MC, Rohtla KM, Lavery CE, Muller JE, Mittleman MA. Meta-analysis of the morning excess of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. American Journal of Cardiology. 1997;79(11):1512-6.
  7. Queiroz ACC, Kanegusuku H, Forjaz CLdM. Effects of resistance training on blood pressure in the elderly. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia. 2010;95(1):135-40.
  8. Pescatello LS, MacDonald HV, Lamberti L, Johnson BT. Exercise for hypertension: a prescription update integrating existing recommendations with emerging research. Current hypertension reports. 2015;17(11):87.
  9. Rezk C, Marrache R, Tinucci T, Mion D, Forjaz C. Post-resistance exercise hypotension, hemodynamics, and heart rate variability: influence of exercise intensity. European journal of applied physiology. 2006;98(1):105-12.
  10. Morais P, Campbell C, Sales M, Motta D, Moreira S, Cunha V, et al. Acute resistance exercise is more effective than aerobic exercise for 24 h blood pressure control in type 2 diabetics. Diabetes & metabolism. 2011;37(2):112-7.
  11. Moraes MR, Bacurau RF, Ramalho JD, Reis FC, Casarini DE, Chagas JR, et al. Increase in kinins on post-exercise hypotension in normotensive and hypertensive volunteers. 2007.
  12. Mazzoccante RP, Sousa IRCd, Moreira SR, Prestes J, Simões HG, Campbell CSG. The period of the day affects the twenty-four hour blood pressure response to an acute combined exercise session in Brazilian jiu jitsu athletes. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física. 2015;21(3):281-9.
  13. Chaix A, Panda S. Timing tweaks exercise. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2019;15(8):440-1.
  14. de Brito LC, Rezende RA, da Silva Junior ND, Tinucci T, Casarini DE, Cipolla-Neto J, et al. Post-exercise hypotension and its mechanisms differ after morning and evening exercise: a randomized crossover study. PloS one. 2015;10(7):e0132458.
  15. Wallace J, Bogle P, King B, Krasnoff J, Jastremski C. The magnitude and duration of ambulatory blood pressure reduction following acute exercise. Journal of human hypertension. 1999;13(6):361.
  16. Geiser F, Kenagy G. Polyunsaturated lipid diet lengthens torpor and reduces body temperature in a hibernator. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 1987;252(5):R897-R901.
  17. Jones H, Taylor CE, Lewis NC, George K, Atkinson G. Post‐exercise blood pressure reduction is greater following intermittent than continuous exercise and is influenced less by diurnal variation. Chronobiology international. 2009;26(2):293-306.
  18. Jones H. K; Edwards B; Atkinson G. Effects of time of day on post-exercise blood pressure: circadian or sleep-related influences. Chronobiol Int. 2008;25(6):987-98.
  19. Bommasamudram T, Gandhi P, Iype RO, Raj B, Chandrasekaran B. Circadian influence on post-exercise hypotension: a review. Comparative Exercise Physiology. 2021;17(4):381-6.
  20. Legramante JM, Galante A, Massaro M, Attanasio A, Raimondi G, Pigozzi F, et al. Hemodynamic and autonomic correlates of postexercise hypotension in patients with mild hypertension. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2002;282(4):R1037-R43.
  21. Electrophysiology TFotESoCtNASoP. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation. 1996;93(5):1043-65.
  22. Vanderlei LCM, Pastre CM, Hoshi RA, Carvalho TDd, Godoy MFd. Noções básicas de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e sua aplicabilidade clínica. Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. 2009;24(2):205-17.
  23. Curtis BM, O'Keefe Jr JH, editors. Autonomic tone as a cardiovascular risk factor: the dangers of chronic fight or flight. Mayo Clinic Proceedings; 2002: Elsevier.
  24. Mourot L, Bouhaddi M, Tordi N, Rouillon J-D, Regnard J. Short-and long-term effects of a single bout of exercise on heart rate variability: comparison between constant and interval training exercises. European journal of applied physiology. 2004;92(4-5):508-17.
  25. Arai Y, Saul JP, Albrecht P, Hartley LH, Lilly LS, Cohen RJ, et al. Modulation of cardiac autonomic activity during and immediately after exercise. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 1989;256(1):H132-H41.
  26. Yamamoto Y, Hughson RL, Peterson JC. Autonomic control of heart rate during exercise studied by heart rate variability spectral analysis. Journal of applied physiology. 1991;71(3):1136-42.
  27. Prodel E, Peçanha T, Silva LPD, Paula RBD, Martinez DG, Lima JRPD, et al. Different times of day do not change heart rate variability recovery after light exercise in sedentary subjects: 24 hours Holter monitoring. Chronobiology international. 2017;34(10):1354-65.
  28. Shaffer F, McCraty R, Zerr CL. A healthy heart is not a metronome: an integrative review of the heart's anatomy and heart rate variability. Frontiers in psychology. 2014;5:1040.
  29. Pescatello LS, Guidry MA, Blanchard BE, Kerr A, Taylor AL, Johnson AN, et al. Exercise intensity alters postexercise hypotension. Journal of hypertension. 2004;22(10):1881-8.
  30. Smolensky MH, Hermida RC, Portaluppi F. Circadian mechanisms of 24-hour blood pressure regulation and patterning. Sleep medicine reviews. 2017;33:4-16.
  31. Wallace J, Bogle P, King B, Krasnoff J, Jastremski C. The magnitude and duration of ambulatory blood pressure reduction following acute exercise. Journal of human hypertension. 1999;13(6):361-6.
  32. Veerman DP, Imholz BP, Wieling W, Wesseling KH, van Montfrans GA. Circadian profile of systemic hemodynamics. Hypertension. 1995;26(1):55-9.
  33. Hautala A, Tulppo MP, Mäkikallio TH, Laukkanen R, Nissilä S, Huikuri HV. Changes in cardiac autonomic regulation after prolonged maximal exercise. Clinical Physiology. 2001;21(2):238-45.
  34. Otto ME, Svatikova A, Barretto RBdM, Santos S, Hoffmann M, Khandheria B, et al. Early morning attenuation of endothelial function in healthy humans. Circulation. 2004;109(21):2507-10.
  35. Cugini P, Lucia P. Circadian rhythm of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: a summary of our research studies. La Clinica terapeutica. 2004;155(7-8):287-91.
  36. Taylor CE, Atkinson G, Willie CK, Jones H, Ainslie PN, Tzeng Y-C. Diurnal variation in the mechanical and neural components of the baroreflex. Hypertension. 2011;58(1):51-6.
  37. Stephenson LA, Kolka MA, Francesconi R, Gonzalez RR. Circadian variations in plasma renin activity, catecholamines and aldosterone during exercise in women. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology. 1989;58(7):756-64.
  38. Jones H, Pritchard C, George K, Edwards B, Atkinson G. The acute post-exercise response of blood pressure varies with time of day. European journal of applied physiology. 2008;104(3):481-9.
Sport Physiology
Volume 14, Issue 54 - Serial Number 54
October 2022
Pages 147-170

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 16 July 2021
  • Revise Date: 05 January 2022
  • Accept Date: 11 January 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics