Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Graduate in Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology,Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
2 university of mazandaran
3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
4 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
Abstract
Nowadays, due to poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyle and side effects of medicine use, prevalence of kidney injury and disease are observed. Regular exercise and some herbal medicine may influence on recovering from such illnesses. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of ten-week aerobic exercise and consumption of safflower seed extract (500 mg/kg of body weight) on PTEN gene expression and serum creatinine levels after consuming Dexamethasone in male rats. 25 Wistar male rats (371±32 gr) were randomly divided into five groups including control, dexamethasone, dexamethasone+safflower, dexamethasone+aerobic exercise, dexamethasone+safflower+aerobic exercise groups. Kidney injury was induced by subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (8 gr /kg of body weight) for 6 days. Exercise protocol, including treadmill running, started at 15 m/min for 10 minutes and increased by the end of the third week, reaching a maximum of 28 m/min for 60 minutes 5 days a week. By the end of the tenth week, the intensity and duration of the exercises remained unchanged. Creatinine level had a significant reduction in dexamethasone+exercise group compared to dexamethasone group (P=0.047); while it's level had no significant difference in dexamethasone+safflower and dexamethasone+safflower+aerobic exercise compared to dexamethasone group. PTEN gene expression in therapeutic intervention groups had an insignificant change compared to dexamethasone group. Results of the present study indicate that 10 weeks of aerobic exercise and consumption of safflower seed extract could improve kidney injury caused by dexamethasone. This effect seems to be through other mechanisms that have not been investigated in this study.
Keywords
- Hodgens A, Sharman T. Corticosteroids. StatPearls [Internet]. 2020 Oct 1.
- Johnson DB, Lopez MJ, Kelley B. Dexamethasone.
- Gupta AP, Singh P, Garg R, Valicherla GR, Riyazuddin M, Syed AA, Hossain Z, Gayen JR. Pancreastatin inhibitor activates AMPK pathway via GRP78 and ameliorates dexamethasone induced fatty liver disease in C57BL/6 mice. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2019 Aug 1;116:108959.
- Liu D, Ahmet A, Ward L, Krishnamoorthy P, Mandelcorn ED, Leigh R, Brown JP, Cohen A, Kim H. A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology. 2013 Dec;9(1):1-25.
- Polderman JA, Farhang‐Razi V, Van Dieren S, Kranke P, DeVries JH, Hollmann MW, Preckel B, Hermanides J. Adverse side effects of dexamethasone in surgical patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018(11).
- Húngaro TG, Freitas-Lima LC, Gregnani MF, Perilhão MS, Alves-Silva T, Arruda AC, Barrera-Chimal J, Estrela GR, Araújo RC. Physical exercise exacerbates acute kidney injury induced by LPS via toll-like receptor 4. Frontiers in physiology. 2020 Jul 17;11:768.
- Meijers B, Farré R, Dejongh S, Vicario M, Evenepoel P. Intestinal barrier function in chronic kidney disease. Toxins. 2018 Jul;10(7):298.
- Gailiūnienė A, Stasiulis A, Michailovienė J. The effect of submaximal exercise on blood creatinine, urea, total protein and uric acid levels of trained and untrained subjects. Ugdymas. Kūno kultūra. Sportas. 2007(3):5-10.
- Xie Y, Guo Y, Cao S, Xue M, Fan Z, Gao C, Jin B. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Attenuates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2020 Nov 4;2020.
- Lee YR, Chen M, Pandolfi PP. The functions and regulation of the PTEN tumour suppressor: new modes and prospects. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology. 2018 Sep;19(9):547-62.
- Qi M, Anderson AE, Chen DZ, Sun S, Auborn KJ. Indole-3-carbinol prevents PTEN loss in cervical cancer in vivo. Molecular medicine. 2005 Jan;11(1):59-63.
- Lan R, Geng H, Polichnowski AJ, Singha PK, Saikumar P, McEwen DG, Griffin KA, Koesters R, Weinberg JM, Bidani AK, Kriz W. PTEN loss defines a TGF-β-induced tubule phenotype of failed differentiation and JNK signaling during renal fibrosis. American journal of physiology-renal physiology. 2012 May 1;302(9):F1210-23.
- Chang X, Zhang P, Xu XX, Pang B. Total Glucosides of Paeony Inhibited Autophagy and Improved Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion via the lncRNA TUG1/miR-29a/PTEN Axis. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 2021;15:2229.
- de Lima WV, Visona I, Schor N, Almeida WS. Preconditioning by aerobic exercise reduces acute ischemic renal injury in rats. Physiological reports. 2019 Jul;7(14):e14176.
- Bijeh N, Jamali FS, Nejati F, Lotfalizade M. The effect of aerobic exercise in water with and without green tea consumption on kidney function in sedentary postmenopausal women. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2018 Nov 22;25(5):706-14.
- Rahmy AF, Afifi WM, Ghorab AA, Mostafa HA. Effect of moderate aerobic exercises on kidney function and lipid profile in chronic kidney disease patients. Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation. 2016 Jul 1;16(3):97.
- Straznicky NE, Grima MT, Lambert EA, Eikelis N, Dawood T, Lambert GW, Nestel PJ, Masuo K, Sari CI, Chopra R, Mariani JA. Exercise augments weight loss induced improvement in renal function in obese metabolic syndrome individuals. Journal of hypertension. 2011 Mar 1;29(3):553-64.
- Monemi A, Kazemi F, Heidari Sh, Heidari Sh. Experience and function review report on pharmacological effects of Berberis vulgaris L.summary of the Second National Conference and the First International Conference on Experiences and Optimal Functions of the Primary Health Care System. 2013 Oct 29;1(1). (In Persian).
- Bai J, Zhao J, Cui D, Wang F, Song Y, Cheng L, Gao K, Wang J, Li L, Li S, Jia Y. Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A against acute kidney injury via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Scientific reports. 2018 Jun 15;8(1):1-1.
- Park CH, Lee AY, Kim JH, Seong SH, Jang GY, Cho EJ, Choi JS, Kwon J, Kim YO, Lee SW, Yokozawa T. Protective effect of safflower seed on cisplatin-induced renal damage in mice via oxidative stress and apoptosis-mediated pathways. The American journal of Chinese medicine. 2018 Jan 3;46(01):157-74.
- Safaeian L, Zolfaghari B, Karimi S, Talebi A, Ghazvini MA. The effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium elburzense Wendelbo bulb on dexamethasone-induced dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress in rats. Research in pharmaceutical sciences. 2018 Feb;13(1):22.
- Nimrouzi M, Ruyvaran M, Zamani A, Nasiri K, Akbari A. Oil and extract of safflower seed improve fructose induced metabolic syndrome through modulating the homeostasis of trace elements, TNF-α and fatty acids metabolism. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2020 May 23;254:112721.
- Garekani ET, Mohebbi H, Kraemer RR, Fathi R. Exercise training intensity/volume affects plasma and tissue adiponectin concentrations in the male rat. Peptides. 2011 May 1;32(5):1008-12.
- Ip C. Fat and essential fatty acid in mammary carcinogenesis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1987 Jan 1;45(1):218-24.
- Reddy BS, Maeura Y. Tumor promotion by dietary fat in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in female F344 rats: influence of amount and source of dietary fat. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1984 Mar 1;72(3):745-50.
- Ma Y, Feng C, Wang J, Chen Z, Wei P, Fan A, Wang X, Yu X, Ge D, Xie H, Liu L. Hydroxyl safflower yellow A regulates the tumor immune microenvironment to produce an anticancer effect in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology letters. 2019 Mar 1;17(3):3503-10.
- Cheng JL, Futakuchi M, Ogawa K, Iwata T, Kasai M, Tokudome S, Hirose M, Shirai T. Dose response study of conjugated fatty acid derived from safflower oil on mammary and colon carcinogenesis pretreated with 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) and 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in female Sprague–Dawley rats. Cancer letters. 2003 Jul 10;196(2):161-8.
- Zhou HY, Wang HJ, Wang TT, Wang YX. Effect of Safflower Polysaccharide on the Expression of Ang-2 and PTEN Protein of Mice Transplanted with Carcinoma Cells and its Clinical Significance. Acta Chin. Med. Pharmacol. 2015;5:40-4.
- Taylor RA, Farrelly SG, Clark AK, Watt MJ. Early intervention exercise training does not delay prostate cancer progression in Pten−/− mice. The Prostate. 2020 Aug;80(11):906-14.
- Dashtiyan AA, Sepehrimanesh M, Tanideh N, Afzalpour ME. The effect of endurance training with and without vitamin E on expression of p53 and PTEN tumor suppressing genes in prostate glands of male rats. Biochimie open. 2017 Jun 1;4:112-8.
- Saran U, Guarino M, Rodríguez S, Simillion C, Montani M, Foti M, Humar B, St‐Pierre MV, Dufour JF. Anti‐tumoral effects of exercise on hepatocellular carcinoma growth. Hepatology communications. 2018 May;2(5):607-20.
- Piguet AC, Saran U, Simillion C, Keller I, Terracciano L, Reeves HL, Dufour JF. Regular exercise decreases liver tumors development in hepatocyte-specific PTEN-deficient mice independently of steatosis. Journal of hepatology. 2015 Jun 1;62(6):1296-303.
- Moinuddin I, Leehey DJ. A comparison of aerobic exercise and resistance training in patients with and without chronic kidney disease. Advances in chronic kidney disease. 2008 Jan 1;15(1):83-96.
- Dungey M, Hull KL, Smith AC, Burton JO, Bishop NC. Inflammatory factors and exercise in chronic kidney disease. International journal of endocrinology. 2013 Oct;2013.
- Goldhammer E, Tanchilevitch A, Maor I, Beniamini Y, Rosenschein U, Sagiv M. Exercise training modulates cytokines activity in coronary heart disease patients. International journal of cardiology. 2005 Apr 8;100(1):93-9.
- Alipour Z, Moghaddasi M. The effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise on kidney function and cardiovascular risk factors in women receiving a kidney transplant. Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 2018 Feb 20;13(26):105-14. (In Persian).
- Eid Y, Ebeid T, Younis H. Vitamin E supplementation reduces dexamethasone-induced oxidative stress in chicken semen. British poultry science. 2006 Jun 1;47(3):350-6.
- Shafiee F, Marandi M, Nematbakhsh M, Ishraqi Gazi F, Talebi A. The effect of aerobic exercise and silymarin extract on renal nephrotoxicity in rats. Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2015; 1. (In Persian).
- Gounarides JS, Korach-Andre M, Killary K, Argentieri G, Turner O, Laurent D. Effect of dexamethasone on glucose tolerance and fat metabolism in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Endocrinology. 2008 Feb 1;149(2):758-66.
)