Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Golestan Unversity, Gorgan, Iran

2 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faulty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

Abstract

This systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of home-based exercise training on cardiovascular patients. For this purpose, Sid.ir and Magiran.com databases as well as the system of scientific and research publications approved by the Ministry of Science in the field of sport sciences were searched for domestic articles from 1380 to 1401. The keywords used for searching were "home-based exercise training (HBET)" combined with "cardiac patients" "cardiovascular diseases" or "aerobic training" or "resistance training". For English language articles between 2000 and 2022, PubMed, Megapaper, and Google Scholar databases were used. The searched keywords were "home-based exercise training" in combination with "cardiac patients" or "cardiovascular diseases" or "aerobic exercise training" or "resistance exercise training". The results indicate that the implementation of HBET, as an alternative or supplement to hospital-based supervised exercise training, or as part of home-based rehabilitation programs, is cost-effective, accessible, and safe. It also helps to overcome exercise obstacles and increases adherence to exercise training, therefore, by observing the principle of repetition, intensity, time, and type of exercise, probably cardiovascular patients can benefit from this training method.

Keywords

  1. Ding D, Lawson KD, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Finkelstein EA, Katzmarzyk PT, Van Mechelen W, et al. The economic burden of physical inactivity: a global analysis of major non-communicable diseases. The Lancet. 2016;388(10051):1311-24.
  2. Karimi Aliabadi P, Bahar A, Nabati M, Sohrab M. A brief overview of the latest treatment guidelines for lipid disorders in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2021;31(202):168-78. (In Persian).
  3. Izadi MR, Ghardashi Afousi A, Asvadi Fard M, Babaee Bigi MA. High-intensity interval training lowers blood pressure and improves apelin and NOx plasma levels in older treated hypertensive individuals. J Physiol Biochem. 2018;74(1):47–55.
  4. Pescatello LS, Arena R, Riebe D, Thompson PD. ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 9th Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.
  5. Oliveros MJ, Gaete-Mahn MC, Lanas F, Martinez-Zapata MJ, Seron P. Interval training exercise for hypertension (Protocol). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 2017(1): CD012511.
  6. Shariat A, Cleland JA, Hakakzadeh A. Home-based exercises during the COVID-19 quarantine situation for office workers: a commentary. Work. 2020;66:381–2.
  7. Waddell A, Seed S, Broom DR, McGregor G, Birkett ST, Harwood AE. Safety of home-based exercise for people with intermittent claudication: a systematic review. J Vasc Surg. 2022;75(4):1490.
  8. Jurkiewicz MT, Marzolini S, Oh P. Adherence to a home-based exercise program for individuals after stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2011;18(3):277–84.
  9. Mirsafeyan H. Qualitative and quantitative analyzing the students’ perceived constraints toward involvement in sporting activities. A cross-cultural study between Iran and Hungary. J Sport Manag Mot Behav. 2108;14(25):59–72. (In Persian).
  10. Claes J, Buys R, Budts W, Smart N, Cornelissen VA. Longer-term effects of home-based exercise interventions on exercise capacity and physical activity in coronary artery disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(3):244–56.
  11. Martynova V, Andreev D, Giverts I, Svet A, Syrkin A, Saner H. First experience with video-guided home-based exercise training for patients with stable coronary artery disease after elective percutaneous coronary interventions. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2021;28(10):1145–7.
  12. Cox K, Burke V, Beilin L, Phillips M. The effects a home-based physical activity program on barrier and program-specific self-efficacy of older adults–the MOVES study. J Sci Med Sport. 2017;20(2017):e23.
  13. Du Q, Salem Y, Liu H, Zhou X, Chen S, Chen N, et al. A home-based exercise program for children with congenital heart disease following interventional cardiac catheterization: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2017;18(1):38.
  14. Rolving N, Brocki BC, Mikkelsen HR, Ravn P, Bloch-Nielsen JR, Frost L. Does an 8-week home-based exercise program affect physical capacity, quality of life, sick leave, and use of psychotropic drugs in patients with pulmonary embolism? Study protocol for a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Trials. 2017;18(1):1–8.
  15. Tygesen H, Wettervik C, Wennerblom B. Intensive home-based exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation increases exercise capacity and heart rate variability. Int J Cardiol. 2001;79(2–3):175–82.
  16. Karapolat H, Demir E, Bozkaya YT, Eyigor S, Nalbantgil S, Durmaz B, et al. Comparison of hospital-based versus home-based exercise training in patients with heart failure: effects on functional capacity, quality of life, psychological symptoms, and hemodynamic parameters. Clin Res Cardiol. 2009;98(10):635–42.
  17. Cegielski J, Brook MS, Quinlan JI, Wilkinson DJ, Smith K, Atherton PJ, et al. A 4-week, lifestyle-integrated, home-based exercise training programme elicits improvements in physical function and lean mass in older men and women: a pilot study. F1000Research. 2017;6(0):1235.
  18. Chaabene H, Prieske O, Herz M, Moran J, Höhne J, Kliegl R, et al. Home-based exercise programmes improve physical fitness of healthy older adults: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis with relevance for COVID-19. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;67:101265.
  19. Ghram A, Briki W, Mansoor H, Al-Mohannadi AS, Lavie CJ, Chamari K. Home-based exercise can be beneficial for counteracting sedentary behavior and physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults. Postgrad Med. 2021;133(5):469–80.
  20. de Roos P, Lucas C, Strijbos JH, van Trijffel E. Effectiveness of a combined exercise training and home-based walking programme on physical activity compared with standard medical care in moderate COPD: a randomised controlled trial. Physiother (United Kingdom). 2018;104(1):116–21.
  21. Tao X, Chow SKY, Wong FKY. The effects of a nurse-supervised home exercise programme on improving patients’ perceptions of the benefits and barriers to exercise: a randomised controlled trial. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(17–18):2765–75.
  22. Chatzitofis A, Monaghan D, Mitchell E, Honohan F, Zarpalas D, O’Connor NE, et al. HeartHealth: a cardiovascular disease home-based rehabilitation system. Procedia Comput Sci. 2015;63:340–7.
  23. Jansons P, Robins L, O’Brien L, Haines T. Gym-based exercise was more costly compared with home-based exercise with telephone support when used as maintenance programs for adults with chronic health conditions: cost-effectiveness analysis of a randomised trial. J Physiother. 2018;64(1):48–54.

 

 

  1. Farinatti P, Monteiro WD, Oliveira RB. Long term home-based exercise is effective to reduce blood pressure in low income Brazilian hypertensive patients: a controlled trial. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2016;23(4):395–404.
  2. Liso JF, Segura-ortı E, Alvarez-pitti J, Torro I. Changes in physical fitness of a home-based physical exercise program in childhood obesity : a quasi-experimental uncontrolled study. J Child Heal Care. 2017;21(2):153–61.
  3. Islami F, Saghebjoo M, Kazemi T, Hedayati M. Gym and home-based combined training in men with primary hypertension: are they equally effective on functional fitness profile, body composition components, and biochemical parameters of hypertension? Clin Exp Hypertens. 2021;43(8):758–71.
  4. Arthur HM, Smith KM, Kodis J, Mckelvie R. A controlled trial of hospital versus home-based exercise in cardiac patients. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2002;34(10):1544–50.
  5. McCormack C, Kehoe B, Hardcastle SJ, McCaffrey N, McCarren A, Gaine S, et al. Pulmonary hypertension and home-based (PHAHB) exercise intervention: protocol for a feasibility study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(5):e045460.
  6. McDermott MM, Polonsky TS. Home-based exercise. Circulation. 2016;134(16):1127–9.
  7. Gielen S, Erbs S, Linke A, Möbius-Winkler S, Schuler G, Hambrecht R. Home-based versus hospital-based exercise programs in patients with coronary artery disease: effects on coronary vasomotion. Am Heart J. 2003;145(1):E3.
  8. McDermott MM, Liu K, Guralnik JM, Criqui MH, Spring B, Tian L, et al. Home-based walking exercise intervention in peripheral artery disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc. 2013;310(1):57–65.
  9. Lee Y-H, Hur S-H, Sohn J, Lee H-M, Park N-H, Cho Y-K, et al. Impact of home-based exercise Training with wireless monitoring on patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. J Korean Med Sci. 2013;28(4):564.
  10. Gardner AW, Parker DE, Montgomery PS, Blevins SM. Step‐monitored home exercise improves ambulation, vascular function, and inflammation in symptomatic patients with peripheral artery disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3(5):e001107.
  11. Chen Y-W, Wang C-Y, Lai Y-H, Liao Y-C, Wen Y-K, Chang S-T, et al. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation improves quality of life, aerobic capacity, and readmission rates in patients with chronic heart failure. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(4):e9629.
  12. Avila A, Claes J, Goetschalckx K, Buys R, Azzawi M, Vanhees L, et al. Home-based rehabilitation with telemonitoring guidance for patients with coronary artery disease (short-term results of the TRiCH study): randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2018;20(6):e225.
  13. Mohebbi H, Rezaei H. Hemodynamic responses after resistance, aerobic and concurrent exercise in untrained, overweight young men. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2014;22(1):989–1000. (In Persian).

 

 

  1. Fokkenrood HJ, Bendermacher BL, Lauret GJ, Willigendael EM, Prins MH, Teijink JA. Supervised exercise therapy versus non-supervised exercise therapy for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(8):CD005263.
  2. Ghadieh AS, Saab B. Evidence for exercise training in the management of hypertension in adults. Can Fam Physician. 2015;61(3):233–9.
  3. Dracup K, Evangelista LS, Hamilton MA, Erickson V, Hage A, Moriguchi J, et al. Effects of a home-based exercise program on clinical outcomes in heart failure. Am Heart J. 2007;154(5):877–83.
  4. Corso LML, Macdonald H V., Johnson BT, Farinatti P, Livingston J, Zaleski AL, et al. Is concurrent training efficacious antihypertensive therapy? A meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(12):2398–406.
  5. Sousa N, Mendes R, Abrantes C, Sampaio J, Oliveira J. A randomized 9-month study of blood pressure and body fat responses to aerobic training versus combined aerobic and resistance training in older men. Exp Gerontol. 2013;48(8):727–33.
  6. de Oliveira SN, Pereira Moro AR, Polito MD, Helena de Jesus J, de Souza Bezerra E. Effects of concurrent training with elastic tubes in hypertensive patients: a blind controlled Randomized clinical trial. Exp Aging Res. 2020;46(1):68–82.
  7. Son W-M, Sung K-D, Bharath LP, Choi K-J, Park S-Y. Combined exercise training reduces blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and insulin resistance in obese prehypertensive adolescent girls. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2017;39(6):546–52.
  8. Leandro MPG, Moura JLS de, Barros GWP, Silva Filho AP da, Farias AC de O, Carvalho PRC. Effect of the aerobic component of combined training on the blood pressure of hypertensive elderly women. Rev Bras Med do Esporte. 2019;25(6):469–73.
  9. Briones AM, Touyz RM. Moderate exercise decreases inflammation and oxidative stress in hypertension: But what are the mechanisms? Hypertension. 2009;54(6):1206–8.
  10. Zöller D, Siaplaouras J, Apitz A, Bride P, Kaestner M, Latus H, et al. Home exercise training in children and adolescents with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A pilot study. Pediatr Cardiol. 2017;38(1):191–8.
  11. Wiles JD, Goldring N, Coleman D. Home-based isometric exercise training induced reductions resting blood pressure. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117(1):83–93.
  12. Babu AS, Padmakumar R, Nayak K, Shetty R, Mohapatra AK, Maiya AG. Effects of home-based exercise training on functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a randomized clinical trial. Indian Heart J. 2019;71(2):161–5.
  13. Kim M, Kim MS, Lim SJ, Ahn JM, Kim JJ, Park SJ. Comparison of supervised hospital-based versus educated home-based exercise training in Korean heart failure patients. Korean Circ J. 2017;47(5):742-51.