The golden opportunity of puberty period in reducing the body fat percentage of obese boys in effect aerobic exercise and a low-calorie diet

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic trianing and low-calorie diet on GH, testosterone and body composition of obese boys during puberty.
Methods&Materials: In this semi-experimental research, 53 subjects (12-17 years old) based on Puberty were placed in two groups TS2.3(n=28,BMI=29.61+4.7kg/m2) and TS4.5(n=25, BMI=30.54+3.7kg/m2). Then, each group was randomly divided into three subgroup: aerobic training, diet and control. The aerobic training group ran for 3 months, 3 times a week for 20-40 minutes with an intensity of 60-85% MHR. For the diet group, a low-energy food plan(500 to 1000 kilocalories less than daily requirement) was prescribed by a nutritionist. puberty was measured by Tanner's scale, body composition with Inbody3.0, GH and testosterone were measured by ELISA method. Data analysis was done by Shapiro-Wilk tests, t–test, two-way ANOVA or their non-parametric equivalent in SPSS version-24.
Results: The results showed that GH changes were not significant. The interactive effect of group and puberty in increasing testosterone was seen only in aerobic training group(p=0.01); decrease in body fat percentage was seen in two intervention groups; But it was more in diet group(p=0.001). Also, BMI reduction in two intervention groups was more at the TS4,5(p=0.04).
Conclusions: The positive result of the intervention of aerobic training and low-calorie diet was the reduction of body fat percentage, which indicates the dynamics of puberty with its rapid changes; Therefore, it is better for obese boys to seize the golden opportunity of puberty especially at the end to reach the desirable weight.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Moghadampasha A, Naderi F, Moradimanesh F, Zargar Shirazi F. The effects of family-based weight loss training on weight-affective lifestyle and irrational food beliefs in overweight women. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies. 2020;10:121. (In Persian).
  2. Rashidi E, Hosseini Kakhak A, Askari R. The effect of 8 weeks resistance training with low load and high load on testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels, and functional adaptations in older women. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2019;14(3):356-67. (In Persian).
  3. Sanyaolu A, Okorie C, Qi X, Locke J, Rehman S. Childhood and adolescent obesity in the United States: a public health concern. Global Pediatric Health. 2019;6:2333794X19891305.
  4. Ameri F, Amooi N. The role of family functioning in the extent of experienced identity crisis and differentiation levels of adolescents. Family and Research Quarterly. 2016;30:77-91. (In Persian).
  5. Bateson P, Barker D, Clutton-Brock T, Deb D, D'Udine B, Foley RA, et al. Developmental plasticity and human health. Nature. 2004;430(6998):419-21.
  6. Vakili J, Sari Sarraf V, Khanvari T. Effects of high-intensity interval training on body composition and hormone growth agents in overweight adolescent Boys. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. 2021;24(1):136-49. (In Persian).
  7. Gharahdaghi N, Phillips BE, Szewczyk NJ, Smith K, Wilkinson DJ, Atherton PJ. Links between testosterone, oestrogen, and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis and resistance exercise muscle adaptations. Frontiers in Physiology. 2021;11:621226.
  8. Kurniawan LB. Hypotestosterone in male with obesity. Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory. 2021;27(2):217-23.
  9. Rerat S, Amsellem-Jager J, L’hour MC, Bouhours-Nouet N, Donzeau A, Rouleau S, et al. Lower circulating sertoli and leydig cell hormone levels during puberty in obese boys: a cross-sectional study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2022;107(4):e1568-e76.
  10. Bijeh N, Moazami M, Ahmadi A, Samadpour F, Zabihi A. Effect of 6 months of aerobic exercise training on serum leptin, cortisol, insulin and glucose levels in thin middle-aged women. Kowsar Medical Journal. 2011.16(1):53-59. (In Persian).
  11. Li X, Liu J, Lu Q, Ren D, Sun X, Rousselle T, et al. AMPK: A therapeutic target of heart failure—not only metabolism regulation. Bioscience Reports. 2019;39(1):BSR20181767.
  12. Li Y, Gao D, Liu J, Yang Z, Wen B, Chen L, et al. Prepubertal BMI, pubertal growth patterns, and long-term BMI: Results from a longitudinal analysis in Chinese children and adolescents from 2005 to 2016. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2022:1-8.
  13. Kansra AR, Lakkunarajah S, Jay MS. Childhood and adolescent obesity: a review. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021;8:581461.
  14. Sahranavard E, Amiri S, Ghofrani M. Effect eight week of combined aerobic-resistance exercise training on serum visfatin levels and anthropometric indices in obese young girls. Journal Of Applied Health Studies In Sport Physiology. 2019;6(2):65-72. (In Persian).
  15. Busnatu SS, Serbanoiu LI, Lacraru AE, Andrei CL, Jercalau CE, Stoian M, et al. editors. Effects of exercise in improving cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bassel: Healthcare(MDPI); 2022.

 

 

  1. RoknAbadi M, Rezaeiepour M, BanParvari M, Mohammaddost O. Interactive effect of stevia aqueous extract and aerobic exercise on insulin resistance index and body composition of obese girls and boys during puberty. Daneshvar Medicine. 2021;29(2):55-67. (In Persian).
  2. Bae J-H, Lee H. The effect of diet, exercise, and lifestyle intervention on childhood obesity: a network meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition. 2021;40(5):3062-72.
  3. Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Sun W, Zhu Q, Ip P, et al. Effect of sleep duration, diet, and physical activity on obesity and overweight elementary school students in Shanghai. Journal of School Health. 2018;88(2):112-21.
  4. Andrea Moura F, Queiroz de Andrade K, Celia Farias dos Santos J, Oliveira Fonseca Goulart M. Lipoic acid: its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role and clinical applications. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 2015;15(5):458-83.
  5. Martini L. Encyclopedia of endocrine diseases: Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2004.
  6. Wu AH. Tietz clinical guide to laboratory tests-E-book. Edinburgh: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2006.

 

  1. Wong PC, Chia M, Tsou IY, Wansaicheong GK, Tan B, Wang JCK, et al. Effects of a 12-week exercise training programme on aerobic fitness, body composition, blood lipids and C-reactive protein in adolescents with obesity. Annals Academy of Medicine. 2008;37(4):286-93.
  2. Հարությունյան ԱՍ. On improving VO2 peak, body composition and physical fitness of obese children by concurrent training. Биологический журнал Армении. 2011;63(4):51.
  3. Eskandari Fard E, Kargar Fard M, Figueredo A. Investigating the correlation of maturity, performance and hormonal indices with the time of playing (competition) in elite adolescent football players during the season. Sport Physiology. 2020;12(48):61-82. (In Persian).
  4. Daryanoosh F, Mehboodi M, Mortazavi M, Motesharee E. The effect of 8 weeks of intense aerobic exercise on plasma levels of obestatin, leptin, insulin and growth hormones in male obese sprague‌ dawley rats. Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences. 2014;17(9):37-45. (In Persian).
  5. Rafiei M, Shavandi N, Saremi A, Abdolmaleki A. Comparison the effects of 6 weeks of resistance training and concurrent training on aerobic power and resting levels of growth hormone and cortisol in healthy children. Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences. 2014;17(4). (In Persian).
  6. Li B, Wang X, Yang C, Wen S, Li J, Li N, et al. Human growth hormone proteoform pattern changes in pituitary adenomas: Potential biomarkers for 3P medical approaches. EPMA Journal. 2021;12(1):67-89.
  7. Sellami M, Bragazzi NL, Slimani M, Hayes L, Jabbour G, De Giorgio A, et al. The effect of exercise on glucoregulatory hormones: a countermeasure to human aging: insights from a comprehensive review of the literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(10):1709.
  8. Sabag A, Chang D, Johnson NA. Growth hormone as a potential mediator of aerobic exercise-induced reductions in visceral adipose tissue. Frontiers in Physiology. 2021;12:623570.
  9. Lewitt MS. The role of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor system in visceral adiposity. Biochemistry Insights. 2017;10:1178626417703995.
  10. Chu N, Stampfer M, Spiegelman D, Rifai N, Hotamisligil G, Rimm EB. Dietary and lifestyle factors in relation to plasma leptin concentrations among normal weight and overweight men. International Journal of Obesity. 2001;25(1):106-14.
  11. Rashidi E, Hosseini Kakhak S, Askari R. The effect of 8 weeks resistance training with low load and high load on testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels, and functional adaptations in older women. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2019;14(3):356-67. (In Persian).
  12. Huttunen H, Varimo T, Huopio H, Voutilainen R, Tenhola S, Miettinen PJ, et al. Serum testosterone and oestradiol predict the growth response during puberty promoting treatment. Clinical Endocrinology. 2022;96(2):220-6.
  13. AzaliAlamdari K, Rouhani H. Metabolic and endocrine adaptations of aerobic training in men with generalized stages of metabolic syndrome. SportPhysiology. 2015;7(27):149-66. (In Persian).
  14. Bai J, Liu Y, Niu G-F, Bai L-X, Xu X-Y, Zhang G-Z, et al. Relationship between adiponectin and testosterone in patients with type 2 diabetes. Biochemia Medica. 2011;21(1):65-70.
  15. Hayes LD, Herbert P, Sculthorpe NF, Grace FM. Exercise training improves free testosterone in lifelong sedentary aging men. Endocrine Connections. 2017;6(5):306-10.
  16. Fadaei Chafy MR, Rahmani-Nia F, Mohebbi H, Maddah SM. Effect of aerobic training on leptin and testosterone in obese boys’ serum at different pubertal stages. Metabolism and Exercise. 2014;4(1):1-14. (In Persian).
  17. Lee JM, Kaciroti N, Appugliese D, Corwyn RF, Bradley RH, Lumeng JC. Body mass index and timing of pubertal initiation in boys. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2010;164(2):139-44.
  18. Eghbali E, Dadvand S, Taheri M. The effect of resistance training with and without testosterone injection on plasma levels of nesfatin-1 in adult male rats. Daneshvar Medicine. 2017;25(3):27-36. (In Persian).
  19. Küüsmaa-Schildt M. Combined strength and endurance training: effect of training order and time-of-day on adaptations in neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory performance, muscle hypertrophy, serum hormone concentrations and wellbeing. JYU dissertations. 2019.
  20. Jahandideh AA, Rohani H, Rajabi H, Shariatzade Joneidi M. Effect of 8-weeks of Combined Exercise Training on Plasma Leptin and Adiponectin levels in Obese Boys. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology. 2021;8(2):25-33. (In Persian).

 

Sport Physiology
Volume 15, Issue 57
April 2023
Pages 87-112

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 02 November 2022
  • Revise Date: 07 August 2023
  • Accept Date: 22 August 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics