Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1 University of Guilan
2 Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue can lead to the storage of fat in tissues other than adipose tissues such as skeletal muscle. In muscle cell lipid droplets can safely store fat, but this capacity also has limitations. Excess fat storage can negatively impact the normal functioning of cells. The amount of fat within muscle cells is directly related to insulin resistance. However, this phenomenon varies in endurance athletes, despite the rise in intramuscular fat content, there is an observed improvement in insulin sensitivity. Notably, the distribution, size, quantity of fat droplets, and types of bioactive lipids are probably different in athletes and obese people. The distribution, quantity, and composition of lipid droplets, along with the presence of bioactive lipids, may vary between athletes and individuals with type 2 diabetes who are obese. The proteins covering the surface of lipid droplets likely have an impact on their signaling and metabolism. These proteins also contribute to the interaction between lipid droplets and other cellular components, as well as their positioning. This article provides a review of previous research on the association between lipid droplets in skeletal muscles and metabolic disorders, the role of proteins in regulating metabolism, the effects of physical activity on these organelles, and the disparities in fat accumulation within muscle tissue between athletes and individuals who are obese or have type 2 diabetes.
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