Sport Physiology

Sport Physiology

Comparing the effects of high-intensity and low-intensity swimming on appetite and ghrelin levels in overweight female lifeguards

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Department of Sports Biology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction and Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of High-intensity interval swimming (HIIS) and Low-intensity continuous swimming (LICS) on appetite response and ghrelin levels in overweight female lifeguards. Materials and Methods: A total of 14 overweight female lifeguards from Neyshabur were selected based on inclusion criteria. Participants completed two crossover sessions: one HIIS (6 × 50m maximal freestyle sprints with each sprint + rest cycle totaling 5 minutes; approximately ~30 min) and one LICS (1000m continuous swimming; ~30 min). After a standardized breakfast and 60-min rest, exercise protocols were performed. After a 60-minute rest period, participants could request lunch. Appetite questionnaires were completed before, immediately after, one hour post-exercise, and at the time of lunch request. Blood samples were collected to measure ghrelin and lactate levels before and after exercise and at the time of lunch request. Results: Significant differences were observed between the two swimming protocols in ghrelin levels (p=0.026), hunger sensation (p=0.04), and fullness sensation (p=0.03). However, no significant differences were found in lactate levels (p=0.79), desire to eat (p=0.63), or lunch calorie intake (p=0.32). Conclusion: LICS appears more effective than HIIS in modulating ghrelin levels and suppressing appetite. Given the absence of compensatory food intake during lunch, LICS may be a viable strategy for appetite control in overweight populations.
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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 02 June 2026

  • Receive Date 09 August 2025
  • Revise Date 09 March 2026
  • Accept Date 02 June 2026