Effect of L-Arginine supplementation on nAchR response in skeletal muscles to exhaustive acute exercise in old rats

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Maryam Noorshahi 1
Rasool Rezai 2
Sajjad Aghajan 3
Mojtaba Salehpoor 4
Fariba Khodagholi 5
1 Associate Professor of Sport Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University
2 Ph. D. Student of Sport Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University
3 M. Sc. of Sport Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University
4 Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University
5 Associate Professor of Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
10.22089/spj.2017.946
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of L-arginine supplementation on the nAchR response in hind limb of old male rats after exhaustive acute exercise. For this purpose, 32 Wistar rats (age: 22 months, weight: 380±20gr) were selected. After one week of familiarization with laboratory environment, they were randomly divided into four groups consisted of:1) L-arginine supplement with one session of exhaustive endurance exercise, 2) L-arginine supplement 3) exercise and 4) control group. For the supplementation groups, they consumed water containing 2.5% L-arginine for two weeks. In the exercise day, the training groups performed an exhaustive running with 30 meter per minute speed and 5-degree incline, equivalent to approximately 75-80% of their VO2max. Immediately and four hours after exercise they anesthesia and sampling was performed from EDL and Soleus muscles. Then, for statistical analysis of the data's, the one-way ANOVA was used. data of this study illustrate that nAchR level in L-arginine supplement, significantly was higher than control group in EDL and Soleus muscles (p< 0/001). And also nAchR level in L-arginine supplement with exercise and exercise group was increased significantly four hours after exhaustive exercise than control group in EDL and Soleus muscles (p< 0/001). The result showed that L-arginine supplementation with exercise increased of nAchR levels in old rat. It seems L-arginine supplementation with exercise can be an appropriate approach to decrease Sarcopenia with effect on nAchR level in old aged people.
Keywords
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
L Arginine
Exhaustive Acute Exercise

Main Subjects

  1. Rivard A, Fabre J E, Silver M, Chen D, Murohara T, Kearney M, et al. Age-dependent impairment of angiogenesis. Circulation. 1999; 99(1): 111-20.
  2. Kim B J, Ahn SH, Kim H M, Lee SH, Koh J M. Low skeletal muscle mass associates with low femoral neck strength, especially in older Korean women: The fourth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES IV). Osteoporosis International. 2015; 26(2): 737-47.
  3. Kadi F, Charifi N, Denis C, Lexell J. Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men. Muscle & Nerve. 2003; 29(1): 120-7.
  4. Tyrovolas S, Koyanagi A, Olaya B, Ayuso‐Mateos J L, Miret M, Chatterji S, et al. Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in older adults: A multi‐continent study. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2015; 7: 312–321.
  5. Chien M Y, Kuo H K, Wu Y T. Sarcopenia, cardiopulmonary fitness, and physical disability in community-dwelling elderly people. Physical Therapy. 2010; 90(9): 1277-87.
  6. Lanza I R, Short D K, Short K R, Raghavakaimal S, Basu R, Joyner M J, et al. Endurance exercise as a countermeasure for aging. Diabetes. 2008; 57(11): 2933-42.
  7. Trappe T A, Carroll C C, Dickinson J M, LeMoine J K, Haus J M, Sullivan B E, et al. Influence of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on skeletal muscle adaptations to resistance exercise in older adults. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2011; 300(3): 655-62.
  8. Fry C S, Glynn E L, Drummond M J, Timmerman K L, Fujita S, Abe T, et al. Blood flow restriction exercise stimulates mTORC1 signaling and muscle protein synthesis in older men. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2010; 108(5): 1199-209.
  9. Doherty T J. Invited review: Aging and sarcopenia. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2003; 95(4): 1717-27.
  10. Balice‐Gordon R J. Age‐related changes in neuromuscular innervation. Muscle & Nerve. 1998; 20(S5): 83-7.
  11. Edström E, Altun M, Bergman E, Johnson H, Kullberg S, Ramírez-León V, et al. Factors contributing to neuromuscular impairment and sarcopenia during aging. Physiology & Behavior. 2007; 92(1): 129-35.
  12. Jang Y C, Van Remmen H. Age-associated alterations of the neuromuscular junction. Experimental Gerontology. 2011; 46(2): 193-8.
  13. Huh K H, Fuhrer C. Clustering of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: From the neuromuscular junction to interneuronal synapses. Molecular Neurobiology. 2002; 25(1): 79-112.
  14. Hasebe M, Yoshino M. Nitric oxide/ cGMP/PKG signaling pathway activated by M1-type muscarinic acetylcholine receptor cascade inhibits Na+-activated K+ currents in Kenyon cells. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2016; 115(6):3174-85.
  15. Kramarcy N R, Sealock R. Syntrophin isoforms at the neuromuscular junction: Developmental time course and differential localization. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience. 2000; 15(3): 262-74.
  16. Stamler J S, Meissner G. Physiology of nitric oxide in skeletal muscle. Physiological Reviews. 2001; 81(1): 209-37.
  17. Smith L W, Smith J D, Criswell D S. Involvement of nitric oxide synthase in skeletal muscle adaptation to chronic overload. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2002; 92(5): 2005-11.
  18. Song W, Kwak H B, Kim J H, Lawler J M. Exercise training modulates the nitric oxide synthase profile in skeletal muscle from old rats. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2009; 64(5): 540.
  19. Richmonds C R, Boonyapisit K, Kusner L L, Kaminski H J. Nitric oxide synthase in aging rat skeletal muscle. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 1999; 109(3): 177-89.
  20. Palmer R M. The L-arginine: Nitric oxide pathway. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. 1993; 2(1): 122-8.
  21. Stuehr D J, Santolini J, Wang Z Q, Wei C C, Adak S. Update on mechanism and catalytic regulation in the NO synthases. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004; 279(35): 36167-70.
  22. Feelisch M, Fernandez B O, Bryan N S, Garcia-Saura M F, Bauer S, Whitlock D R, et al. Tissue processing of nitrite in hypoxia an intricate interplay of nitric oxide-generating and-scavenging systems. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2008; 283(49): 33927-34.
  23. Willoughby DS. Intracellular Mechanistic Role of Nitric Oxide: A Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of L-Arginine and L-Citrulline Supplementation on Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Subsequent Exercise Performance in Humans. International Journal of Food and Nutritional Science. 2015;2(1):1-8.
  24. Kohli R, Meininger C J, Haynes T E, Yan W, Self J T, Wu G. Dietary L-arginine supplementation enhances endothelial nitric oxide synthesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The Journal of Nutrition. 2004; 134(3): 600-8.
  25. Falls D L, Rosen K M, Corfas G, Lane W S, Fischbach G D. ARIA, a protein that stimulates acetylcholine receptor synthesis, is a member of the neu ligand family. Cell. 1993; 72(5): 801-13.
  26. Greenberg M E, Ziff E B, Greene L A. Stimulation of neuronal acetylcholine receptors induces rapid gene transcription. Science. 1986; 234(4772): 80-3.
  27. Adams G. The molecular response of skeletal muscle to resistance training. Deutsche Zeitschrift Sportmedizin. 2010; 3: 61-7.
  28. Lawler J M, Powers S K, Hammeren J, Martin A D. Oxygen cost of treadmill running in 24-month-old Fischer-344 rats. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1993; 25(11): 1259-64.
  29. Naito H, Powers S K, Demirel H A, Aoki J. Exercise training increases heat shock protein in skeletal muscles of old rats. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2001; 33(5): 729-34.
  30. Batista-de-Oliveira M, Lopes A A C, Mendes-da-Silva R F, Guedes R C A. Aging-dependent brain electrophysiological effects in rats after distinct lactation conditions, and treadmill exercise: A spreading depression analysis. Experimental Gerontology. 2012; 47(6): 452-7.
  31. De Oliveira S, Diniz D, Amaya-Farfan J. Carbohydrate–energy restriction may protect the rat brain against oxidative damage and improve physical performance. British Journal of Nutrition. 2003; 89(01): 89-96.
  32. Ji L L, Mitchell E W. Effects of adriamycin on heart mitochondrial function in rested and exercised rats. Biochemical Pharmacology. 1994; 47(5): 877-85.
  33. Suzuki J. L-arginine supplementation causes additional effects on exercise-induced angiogenesis and VEGF expression in the heart and hind-leg muscles of middle-aged rats. The Journal of Physiological Sciences. 2006; 56(1): 39-44.
  34. Hussain S N, El-Dwairi Q, Abdul-Hussain M N, Sakkal D. Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in normal ventilatory and limb muscles. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1997; 83(2): 348-53.
  35.  Lau K S, Grange R W, Isotani E, Sarelius I H, Kamm K E, Huang P L, et al. nNOS and eNOS modulate cGMP formation and vascular response in contracting fast-twitch skeletal muscle. Physiological Genomics. 2000; 2(1):   21-7.
Sport Physiology
Volume 9, Issue 33
May 2017
Pages 169-184

  • Receive Date 14 February 2016
  • Revise Date 15 May 2016
  • Accept Date 21 May 2016