Estimation of Quadriceps and Hamstring Cross-Sectional Area by Using Anthropometric Parameters of Thigh

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student of Sport Physiology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

2 Assistant Professor of Sport Physiology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

3 Associate Professor of Sport Physiology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

4 Assistant Professor of Radiology, Jundishapur Medical Science University of Ahwaz

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide models to predict quadriceps and hamstring muscle cross-section area based on anthropometric parameters in 20 to 70 years men. 88 healthy sedentary males between volunteer subjects aged 20 to 70 years selected in this study. CT imaging scans as basic method, and anthropometric measurements as predictor variable, were taken from their thighs. A significant correlation between anthropometric measurements with quadriceps muscle cross section area and volume was shown by multiple regression in the two groups (P<0.05). The estimation model of muscle cross section area: quadriceps muscle cross section area= 1.418 (O) – 12.861 (M) + 0.102 (A) - 1.013, and hamstring muscle cross section area= 1.302 (O2) – 0.628 (M) + 0.253 (A) – 34.672. In these models, the O means the circumference of tight in middle areas to centimeter, the M means skinfold thickness in middle areas of the anterior region tight in centimeter and A means age in year. The standard error estimates were 8.8 and 9.1 percent respectively. The results provided valid and accurate models for estimating the cross-section area quadriceps and hamstring based on anthropometric variables in 20 to 70 years healthy sedentary men, that are useful for research in the field of clinical, exercise physiology and exercise science. Due to the simple use of this study models, can be used as a practical method in hygiene, health and research centers.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. Pereira P M, da Silva G A, Santos G M, Petroski E L, Geraldes A A. Development and validation of anthropometric equations to estimate appendicular muscle mass in elderly women. Nutrition Journal. 2013; 12: 92.
  2. Wang Z, Heshka S, Gallagher D, Boozer C N, Kotler D P, Heymsfield S B. Resting energy expenditure-fat-free mass relationship: New insights provided by body composition modeling. American J‌ournal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2000; 279(3): 539-45.
  3. Wang Z M, Gallagher D, Nelson M E, Matthews D E, Heymsfield S B. Total-body skeletal muscle mass: Evaluation of 24-h urinary creatinine excretion by computerized axial tomography. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1996; 63(6): 863-9.
  4. Kim J, Wang Z, Heymsfield S B, Baumgartner R N, Gallagher D. Total-body skeletal muscle mass: Estimation by a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002; 76(2): 378-83.
  5. Lee R C, Wang Z, Heo M, Ross R, Janssen I, Heymsfield S B. Total-body skeletal muscle mass: Development and cross-validation of anthropometric prediction models. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2000; 72(3): 796-803.
  6. Mitsiopoulos N, Baumgartner R N, Heymsfield S B, Lyons W, Gallagher D, Ross R. Cadaver validation of skeletal muscle measurement by magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1998; 85(1): 115-22.
  7. Poortmans J R, Boisseau N, Moraine J J, Moreno-Reyes R, Goldman S. Estimation of total-body skeletal muscle mass in children and adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2005; 37(2): 316-22.
  8. Housh D J, Housh T J, Weir J P, Weir L L, Johnson G O, Stout J R. Anthropometric estimation of thigh muscle cross-sectional area. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1995; 27(5): 784-91.
  9. Doupe M B, Martin A D, Searle M S, Kriellaars D J, Giesbrecht G G. A new formula for population-based estimation of whole body muscle mass in males. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology‌=‌ Revue Canadienne de Physiologie Appliquee. 1997; 22(6): 598-608.
  10. Janssen I, Heymsfield S B, Baumgartner R N, Ross R. Estimation of skeletal muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2000; 89(2): 465-71.
  11. Kaysen G A, Zhu F, Sarkar S, Heymsfield S B, Wong J, Kaitwatcharachai C, et al. Estimation of total-body and limb muscle mass in hemodialysis patients by using multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2005; 82(5): 988-95.
  12. Marquis K, Debigaré R, Lacasse Y, LeBlanc P, Jobin J, Carrier G, et al. Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area is a better predictor of mortality than body mass index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2002; 166(6): 809-13.
  13. Goodpaster B H, Carlson C L, Visser M, Kelley D E, Scherzinger A, Harris T B, et al. Attenuation of skeletal muscle and strength in the elderly: The health ABC study. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2001; 90(6): 2157-65.
  14. Frontera W R, Hughes V A, Fielding R A, Fiatarone M A, Evans W J, Roubenoff R. Aging of skeletal muscle: A 12-yr longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2000; 88(4): 1321-6.
  15. Meghan B B, Jorge M Z, Makenna M B, William M G, Zachary V H, Nguyen P K, et al. The effects of muscle cross-sectional area on the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold. Journal of Undergraduate Kinesiology Research. 2015; 10(2): 20-31
  16. Nilwik R, Snijders T, Leenders M, Groen B B, van Kranenburg J, Verdijk L B, et al. The decline in skeletal muscle mass with aging is mainly attributed to a reduction in type II muscle fiber size. Experimental Gerontology. 2013; 48(5): 492-8.
  17. Kalapotharakos V I, Michalopoulou M, Godolias G, Tokmakidis S P, Malliou P V, Gourgoulis V. The effects of high-and moderate-resistance training on muscle function in the elderly. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity. 2004; 12(2):    131-43.
  18. Williams D H, Lakomy H K, Williams C. Anthropometric determination of thigh volumes and thigh forces following acute training of increasing intensity in adult men. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 1996; 72(5-6): 528-36.
  19. Baecke J A, Burema J, Frijters J E. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 36.5 ‌1982; 936-42.
  20. Tofighi A, Babaei S, Kashkooli F I, Babaei R. The relationship between the amount of physical activity and general health in urmia medical university students. Journal of Urmia Nursing and Midwifery Faculty. 2014; 12(3): 166-72. (In Persian).
  21. Abe T, Kearns C F, Fukunaga T. Sex differences in whole body skeletal muscle mass measured by magnetic resonance imaging and its distribution in young Japanese adults. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2003; 37(5): 436-40.
  22. McGill S M, Patt N, Norman R W. Measurement of the trunk musculature of active males using CT scan radiography: Implications for force and moment generating capacity about the L4L5 joint. Journal of Biomechanics. 1988; 21(4): 329-41.
  23. Negaresh R, Ranjbar R, Gharibvand MM, Habibi A, Moktarzade M. Effect of 8-Week Resistance Training on Hypertrophy, Strength, and Myostatin Concentration in Old and Young Men. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2017; 12(1):56-67.
  24. Dirks M L, Wall B T, Snijders T, Ottenbros C L, Verdijk L B, van Loon L J. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation prevents muscle disuse atrophy during leg immobilization in humans. Acta Physiologica. 2014; 210(3): 628-41.
  25. Prior S J, Ryan A S, Blumenthal J B, Watson J M, Katzel L I, Goldberg A P. Sarcopenia is associated with lower skeletal muscle capillarization and exercise capacity in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2016; 71(8): 1096-101.
  26. 26.Zahabi G. Effect of whey protein & creatine supplementation on the fitness indicators, velocity and muscle hypertrophy of untrained men over a period of resistance training. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology. 2015; 10(2): 19-28. (In Persian).
  27. Cutts A, Seedhom B B. Validity of cadaveric data for muscle physiological cross-sectional area ratios: A comparative study of cadaveric and in-vivo data in human thigh muscles. Clinical Biomechanics. 1993; 8(3): 156-62.
  28. Bland J M, Altman D G. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986; 1(8476): 307-10.
  29. Psutka S P, Boorjian S A, Moynagh M R, Schmit G D, Costello B A, Thompson R H, et al. Decreased skeletal muscle mass is associated with an increased risk of mortality after radical nephrectomy for Localized Renal Cell Cancer. The Journal of Urology. 2016; 195(2): 270-6.
Sport Physiology
Volume 9, Issue 34 - Serial Number 34
Summer 2017
July 2017
Pages 187-200

  • Receive Date 13 June 2016
  • Revise Date 07 July 2016
  • Accept Date 18 July 2016