Sport Physiology

Sport Physiology

The Effect of 6 Weeks Endurance Training on the CAP1 Levels in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Male Wistar Rats with Diabetes Neuropathy

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Masoud Rahmati 1
Abdolreza Kazemi 2
Azam Darvishi 3
Safora Shahozadeh 4
1 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Lorestan University
2 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Vali E Asr University of Rafsanjan
3 Ph.D. Student of Exercise Physiology, Lorestan University
4 M.Sc. of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University of Kerman
10.22089/spj.2019.6576.1826
Abstract
CAP1 is one of the structural and functional important factors in fat tissues’ abnormalities in diabetic neuropathy (DN) state. The purpose of this study was investigation of the effects of endurance training on visceral adipose tissue levels of the CAP1 in male rats with diabetic neuropathy. 30 male Wistar male rats (260±10 g) were randomly divided into three group of Control (C), Diabetic neuropathy control (DNC) and Diabetic neuropathy trained (DNT). Diabetes neuropathy induced by streptozotocin and was evaluated using behavioral pain tests. Also training group performed 6 week/ 5 sessions in week endurance training with moderate intensity. Forty-Eight hours after the last training session, subjects were anesthetized and visceral adipose tissue was removed immediately and by immunohistochemical analysis, the CAP1 protein level was measured. To assessing comparison between groups, ANOVA was used. The result of blood sugar and behavioral measurements demonstrated diabetic neuropathy model. Also, significant increase of the CAP1 levels was observed in adipose tissue of rats with diabetic neuropathy (P=0.0001) however, training was not able to change this increased level of this protein in DN state so that significant difference was not seen between DNT and DNC groups (P=0.246). The elevated levels of CAP1 may be a compensatory response to increase the glucose uptake, thermogenesis and abiogenesis. Also, the ineffectiveness of endurance training may be due to persistent hyperglycemia in the DNT group. However, the proof of these assumptions needs further studies.
Keywords
Diabetes Neuropathy
CAP1
Endurance Training
Adipose Tissue
Subjects
  1. Klippel JH, Stone JH, White PH. Primer on the rheumatic diseases. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media; 2008. p. 45-6.
  2. Tesfaye S, Selvarajah D. Advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012;28(S1):8-14.
  3. Van Gaal LF, Mertens IL, Christophe E. Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease. Nature. 2006;444(7121):875-80.
  4. Lupachyk S, Watcho P, Hasanova N ,Julius U ,Obrosova I. Triglyceride, nonesterified fatty acids, and prediabetic neuropathy: Role for oxidative–nitrosative stress. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2012;52(8):1255-63.
  5. Sandireddy R, Yerra VG, Areti A, Komirishetty P, Kumar A. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic neuropathy: Futuristic strategies based on these targets. Int J Endocrinol; 2014.
  6. Wiggin TD, Sullivan KA, Pop BR, Amato A, Sima A, et al. Elevated triglycerides correlate with progression of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes. 2009;58(7):1634-40.
  7. Sultana H. Cyclase associated protein CAP in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity in Dictyostelium discoideum. Koln: Universität zu Köln; 2004. p. 79-80.
  8. Normoyle KP. Cyclase associated protein (CAP) and the physiological disassembly of actin. Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 2015. p. 14-6.
  9. Bertling E, et al. Cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) promotes cofilin-induced actin dynamics in mammalian nonmuscle cells. Mol Biol Cell. 2004;15(5):2324-34.
  10. Zhang H, Ghai P, Wu H, Wang C, Field J, et al. Mammalian adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) regulates cofilin function, the actin cytoskeleton, and cell adhesion. J. Biol. Chem. 2013;288(29):20966-77.
  11. Adeghate E. An update on the biology and physiology of resistin. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2004;61(19-20):2485-96.
  12. Jamaluddin M, Weakley S, Yao Q, Chen C. Resistin: Functional roles and therapeutic considerations for cardiovascular disease. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2012;165(3):622-32.
  13. Lee S, Lee HC, Kwon YW, Lee SE, Cho Y, et al. Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 is a receptor for human resistin and mediates inflammatory actions of human monocytes. Cell Metab. 2014;19(3):484-97.
  14. Alm PS, Krook A, de Castro Barbosa T. Maternal obesity legacy: Exercise it away! Diabetologia. 2016;59(1):5-8.
  15. Stallknecht B. Influence of physical training on adipose tissue metabolism–with special focus on effects of insulin and epinephrine. Dan Med Bull. 2004;51(1):1-33.
  16. Calcutt NA. Experimental models of painful diabetic neuropathy. J Neurol Sci. 2004;220(1):137-9.
  17. Chae C, Jung S, An S, Park B, Wang S, et al. RETRACTED: Treadmill exercise improves cognitive function and facilitates nerve growth factor signaling by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat hippocampus. Neuroscience. 2009;164(4):1665-73.
  18. Hole K, Tjølsen A. Tail Flick test. In: Encyclopedia of pain. London: Springer; 2007. p. 2392-5.
  19. Kohler I, Meier R, Busato A, Neiger-Aeschbacher G, Schatzmann U. Is carbon dioxide (CO2) a useful short acting anaesthetic for small laboratory animals?. Lab. Anim. 1999;33(2):155-61.
  20. Jamali E, Asad MR, Rassouli A. Effect of eight-week endurance exercise on resistin gene expression in visceral adipose tissues in obese rats. JSSU. 2017;25(1):20-31.
  21. Shavandi N, Saremi A, Ghorbani A, Parastesh M. Effects of aerobic training on resistin, adiponectin and insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic men. Sport Physiology. 2011;3(10):89-102. (In Persian).
  22. Luo L. Actin cytoskeleton regulation in neuronal morphogenesis and structural plasticity. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2002;18(1):601-35.
  23. Lopez JA, Burchfield JG, Blair DH, Mele K, Ng Y, et al. Identification of a distal GLUT4 trafficking event controlled by actin polymerization. Mol. Biol. Cell. 2009;20(17):3918-29.
  24. Takada J, Machado MA, Peres SB, Brito LC, Borges-Silva CN, et al. Neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus: A model of insulin resistance associated with loss of adipose mass. Metabolism. 2007;56(7):977-84.
  25. Gerrits PM, Olson AL, Pessin JE. Regulation of the GLUT4/muscle-fat glucose transporter mRNA in adipose tissue of insulin-deficient diabetic rats. J. Biol. Chem. 1993;268(1):640-4.
  26. Cinti S. Exercise and the adipose organ. Dtsch Z Sportmed. 2016;67:77-83.
  27. Chen Y-W, Li Y-T, Chen YC, Li Z-Y, Hung C-H. Exercise training attenuates neuropathic pain and cytokine expression after chronic constriction injury of rat sciatic nerve. Anesth Analg. 2012;114(6):1330-7.
  28. Taherabadi SJ, Heidarianpour A, Basereh M. Effects of submaximal endurance training and vitamin D3 supplementation on pain threshold in diabetic rats. Zahedan. J. Res. Med. Sci. 2013;15(7):22-5.
  29. Chen Y-W, Hsieh P-L, Chen Y-C, Hung C-H, Cheng J-T. Physical exercise induces excess hsp72 expression and delays the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia in painful diabetic neuropathy rats. Anesth Analg. 2013;116(2):482-90.
  30. Shankarappa SA, Piedras‐Rentería ES, Stubbs EB. Forced‐exercise delays neuropathic pain in experimental diabetes: Effects on voltage‐activated calcium channels. JNC. 2011;118(2):224-36.
  31. Cobianchi S, Casals-Diaz L, Jaramillo J, Navarro X. Differential effects of activity dependent treatments on axonal regeneration and neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Exp. Neurol. 2013;240:157-67.
  32. Rossi DM, Valenti VE, Navega MT. Exercise training attenuates acute hyperalgesia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female rats. Clinics, 2011;66(9):1615-9.
Sport Physiology
Volume 12, Issue 46
Summer 2020
Pages 41-56

  • Receive Date 30 October 2018
  • Revise Date 29 January 2019
  • Accept Date 16 February 2019