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Gene Expression Changes of Pro and Anti-Apoptotic Indices in Liver Tissue and Insulin Resistance Index after HIIT and Thyme Extract in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Exercise physiology, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Faculty of Humanities, Department physical education and sport science, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Faculty of Humanities, Department physical education and sport science, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Sport Medicine Research Center, Tehran, Iran

4 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Faculty of Humanities, Department physical education and sport science, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disease that occurs due to glucose intolerance due to imbalance between reserves and insulin demand. Diabetes can also cause damage and cell death or apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to study the gene expression changes in apoptotic and anti-apoptotic indices in liver tissue and insulin resistance index after HIIT and Zataria multiflora extract in obese type 2 diabetic rats. The statistical population consisted of male Wistar rats weighing 110 ± 20 g, with 4-week-old male selected from Royan Institute. Wistar rats with the aim of familiarizing themselves with the environment for two weeks, were kept at about 190 ± 20 gr. All rats were fed a high-fat diet (45 to 60% fat) for 5 months or 20 weeks. After the rats became obese and reached an average weight of about 407 ± 50 g, to create a type 2 diabetic model, 25 mg STZ at a low dose per kg body weight was injected intraperitoneally as fasting glucose between 150 to 400 mg/dl was considered as a criterion for diabetes. All rats were diabetic and were divided into 4 groups (control, HIIT, Thyme, HIIT-Thyme). Rats with fasting glucose between 150 and 400 mg / dL were considered to have type 2 diabetes. HIIT protocol and gavage performed for eight weeks, five sessions per week with 2-minute alternation of 2 and 8 intervals with 80 to 90% vo2max and a one-minute rest cycle with 50 to 56% vo2max. Thyme extract was given by gavage at a dose of 200 mg / kg 5 days a week for eight week. Insulin resistance index was calculated using the formula and the expression of liver tissue apoptotic genes was also measured by RT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and two-factor analysis of variance test for comparison between groups and determination of the effect size and post-hoc method. A significant level of p ≤ 0.05 was considered. Compared to the control group, HIIT led to a significant reduction in glucose and insulin resistance index (P<0.05). Periodic exercise and thyme extract also decreased Bax gene expression and increased Bcl2 expression in hepatocytes compared with controls (P<0.05). The results showed that HIIT with thyme extract in diabetic rats led to improved glycemic profile and changes in glucose and insulin levels, as well as positive and appropriate changes in the expression of hepatic and anti-apoptotic genes.

Keywords

References
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Sport Physiology
Volume 13, Issue 52 - Serial Number 52
February 2022
Pages 61-84
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History
  • Receive Date: 18 March 2021
  • Revise Date: 22 September 2021
  • Accept Date: 25 September 2021
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