Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a BCAA supplementation on markers of muscle damage followed eccentric exercise in basketball players. Twenty-six elite male basketball players (mean ±SD age, 29.04±3.55 years; weight, 89.54±8.98 kg; BMI, 25.43±1.44 kg.m2; body fat percentage, 14.30±3.60) volunteered to participate in the study and were selected randomly and assigned to supplement (n=13) and placebo (n=13) groups. The damaging exercise consisted eccentric exercise (15 set and 10 repetitions per set). Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase) LDH), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), muscle soreness was measured immediately before the damaging exercise and at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours’ post-exercise. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 18 (P<0.05). There was significant reduction in CK, LDH and muscle soreness in the BCAA group compared to the controls (P<0.05). In addition, the recovery of MVC was greater in the supplement group (P<0.05). BCAA supplement decreases eccentric exercise induced muscle damage and improves recovery in male basketball players.

Keywords

Main Subjects

1) Matsumoto K, Koba T, Hamada K, Sakurai M, Higuchi T, Miyata H. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation attenuates muscle soreness, muscle damage and inflammation during an intensive training program. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2009; 49(4): 424-31.
2) Shimomura Y, Yamamoto Y, Bajotto G, Sato J, Murakami T, Shimomura N, et al. Nutraceutical effects of branched-chain amino acids on skeletal muscle. The Journal of Nutrition. 2006; 136(2): 232-529.
3) Shimomura Y, Murakami T, Nakai N, Nagasaki M, Harris R A. Exercise promotes BCAA catabolism: effects of BCAA supplementation on skeletal muscle during exercise. The Journal of Nutrition. 2004; 134(6): 1583-7.
4) Adeva M M, Calviño J, Souto G, Donapetry C. Insulin resistance and the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids in humans. Amino Acids. 2012; 43(1): 171-81.
5) Hutson S M, Sweatt A J, LaNoue K F. Branched-chain amino acid metabolism: Implications for establishing safe intakes. The Journal of Nutrition. 2005; 135(6):       1557-64.
6) Nicklas B J, Hsu F C, Brinkley T J, Church T, Goodpaster B H, Kritchevsky S B, et al. Exercise training and Plasma C‐reactive Protein and Interleukin‐6 in elderly people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2008; 56(11): 2045-52.
7) Blomstrand E, Hassmen P, Ekblom B, Newsholme E. Administration of branched-chain amino acids during sustained exercise—effects on performance and on plasma concentration of some amino acids. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 1991; 63(2): 83-8.
8) Sowers S. A primer on branched Chain Amino Acids. Huntington College of Health Sciences. 2009.p. 32-40.
9) Phillips S M. Protein requirements and supplementation in strength sports. Nutrition. 2004; 20(7): 689-95.
10) Coffey V G, Hawley J A. The molecular bases of training adaptation. Sports Medicine. 2007; 37(9): 737-63.
11) Howatson G, Van Someren K A. The prevention and treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage. Sports Medicine. 2008; 38(6): 483-503.
12) Da Luz C R, Nicastro H, Zanchi N E, Chaves D, Lancha Jr A H. Potential therapeutic effects of branched-chain amino acids supplementation on resistance exercise-based muscle damage in humans. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2011; 8: 23-7.
13) Beaton L J, Tarnopolsky M A, Phillips S M. Contraction-induced muscle damage in humans following calcium channel blocker administration. The Journal of Physiology. 2002; 544(3): 849-59.
14) Kobayashi Y, Takeuchi T, Hosoi T, Yoshizaki H, Loeppky J A. Effect of a marathon run on serum lipoproteins, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase in recreational runners. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2005; 76(4): 450-5.
15) Phillips S M, Tipton K D, Aarsland A, Wolf S E, Wolfe R R. Mixed muscle protein synthesis and breakdown after resistance exercise in humans. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology And Metabolism. 1997; 36(1): 99.
16) Kumar V, Atherton P, Smith K, Rennie M J. Human muscle protein synthesis and breakdown during and after exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2009; 106(6):   2026-39.
17) Howatson G, Hoad M, Goodall S, Tallent J, Bell P G, French D N. Exercise-induced muscle damage is reduced in resistance-trained males by branched chain amino acids: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012; 9(1): 20.
18) رستمی دیدار هادی، کردی محمدرضا، گائینی عباسعلی، فلاحی علی­اصغر. تأثیر مصرف مکمل اسید آمینۀ شاخه­دار (BCAA) بر غلظت لاکتات دهیدروژناز و کوفتگی عضلانی تأخیری دانشجویان پسر ورزشکار. نشریۀ المپیک. 1389؛ 52(4): 65ـ55.
19) امیرساسان رامین­، نیکوخصلت­ سعید­، ساری­صراف­ وحید­، بتوراک کاوه­، لطافت­کار امیر­. تأثیر 2 میزان مکمل­سازی اسیدهای آمینۀ شاخه­دار بر شاخص­های سرمی آسیب سلولی در کشتی­گیران. نشریۀ تحقیقات علوم پزشکی زاهدان. 1390 ؛ 13(8): 8ـ22.
20) Coombes J, McNaughton L. Effects of branched-chain Amino Acid supplementation on serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase after prolonged exercise. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2000; 40(3): 240-6.
21) Blomstrand E, Andersson S, Hassmen Pa, Ekblom B, Newsholme E. Effect of branched‐chain Amino Acid and carbohydrate supplementation on the exercise‐induced change in plasma and muscle concentration of amino acids in human subjects. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 1995; 153(2) :87-96.
22) Goodall S, Howatson G. The effects of multiple cold water immersions on indices of muscle damage. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2008; 7(2): 235.
23) Howatson G, Hough P, Pattison J, Hill J A, Blagrove R, Glaister M, et al. Trekking poles reduce exercise-induced muscle injury during mountain walking. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2011; 43(1): 140-5.
24) Howatson G, McHugh M, Hill J, Brouner J, Jewell A, Van Someren K A, et al. Influence of tart cherry juice on indices of recovery following marathon running. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2010; 20(6): 843-52.
25) رئیسی دهکردی امیرعطا، تقیان فرزانه، اسفرجانی فهیمه. مقایسۀ 2 روش ریکاوری فعال و شناوری در آب متضاد بر درک کوفتگی و عملکردهای بی­هوازی بازیکنان فوتسال. نشریۀ فیزیولوژی ورزشی. 1393؛ 6(24): 48ـ31.
26) تقی­زاده محمود­رضا، احمدی­زاد سجاد، هوانلو فریبرز. کینتیک لاکتات پس از انقباض­های درون­گرا و برون­گرای آیزوکینتیک در مردان. نشریۀ فیزیولوژی ورزشی. 1393؛ 6­(24): 84ـ71.
27) Mascher H, Tannerstedt J, Brink-Elfegoun T, Ekblom B, Gustafsson T, Blomstrand E. Repeated resistance exercise training induces different changes in mRNA expression of MAFbx and MuRF-1 in human skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2008; 294(1): 43-51.
28) Moore D R, Tang J E, Burd N A, Rerecich T, Tarnopolsky M A, Phillips S M. Differential stimulation of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis with protein ingestion at rest and after resistance exercise. The Journal of Physiology. 2009; 587(4): 897-904.
29) Shimomura Y, Inaguma A, Watanabe S, Yamamoto Y, Muramatsu Y, Bajotto G, et al. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation before squat exercise and delayed-onset muscle soreness. International Journal of Sport Nutrition. 2010; 20(3): 236.
30) Jackman S R, Witard O C, Jeukendrup A E, Tipton K D. Branched-chain amino acid ingestion can ameliorate soreness from eccentric exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2010; 42(5): 962-70.
31) Hortobagyi T, Hill J P, Houmard J A, Fraser D D, Lambert N J, Israel R G. Adaptive responses to muscle lengthening and shortening in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1996; 80(3): 765-72.
32) معمارباشی عباس، عباسیان مجتبی. تأثیر 10 روز مصرف دارچین بر شاخص­های بیو­شیمیایی و عملکردی کوفتگی عضلانی تأخیری. نشریۀ فیزیولوژی ورزشی. 1392؛ 5­(20): 80ـ63.
33) Clarkson P M, Hubal M J. Exercise-induced muscle damage in humans. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2002; 81(11): 52-69.
34) Sullivan Z, Baier S, Johannsen N M, King D S. Branched-chain Amino Acid (BCAA) supplementation maintains muscle power following eccentric exercise. The Faseb Journal. 2007; 22(2). 523-70.
35) Nosaka K, Sacco P, Mawatari K. Effects of Amino Acid supplementation on muscle soreness and damage. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 2006; 16(6): 620-35.
36) Ra S G, Miyazaki T, Ishikura K, Nagayama H, Suzuki T, Maeda S, et al. Additional effects of taurine on the benefits of BCAA intake for the delayed-onset muscle soreness and muscle damage induced by high-intensity eccentric exercise. Taurine 8: Springer; Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2013. P. 179-87.
37) Sharp C P, Pearson D R. Amino Acid supplements and recovery from high-intensity resistance training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2010; 24(4):   1125-30.
38) Shimomura Y, Kobayashi H, Mawatari K, Akita K, Inaguma A, Watanabe S, et al. Effects of squat exercise and branched-chain Amino Acid supplementation on plasma free amino acid concentrations in young women. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. 2009; 55(3): 288-91.
39) Shimomura Y, Harris R A. Metabolism and physiological function of branched-chain Amino Acids: Discussion of session 1. The Journal of Nutrition. 2006; 136(1): 232-3.
40) آتشک سیروان، بتوراک کاوه. تأثیر مصرف مکمل اسید آمینۀ شاخه‌دار (BCAA) بر پروتئین واکنشگر-C (HS-CRP) پس از یک جلسه فعالیت مقاومتی در فوتبالیست‌ها. نشریۀ دانش و تندرستی. 1392؛ 8(1): 16ـ12.