کاربرد تحریک مغناطیسیِ فراجمجمه‌ای (TMS) در پاسخ و سازگاری‌های ورزشی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: افزایش قدرت پس از یک دورۀ تمرین مقاومتی و چند انقباض نسبتاً شدید (توانمندسازی پس‌فعالی) و همچنین کاهش قدرت بعد از انقباض‌های تکراری (خستگی) و حرکات کششی ایستا (ناتوانی پس‌فعالی)، فقط به عضله مربوط نیست؛ بلکه سایر عوامل نیز مانند سیستم عصبی در این امر دخیل هستند. در سال‌های گذشته روش‌های مختلفی همچون الکترومایوگرافی سطحی، ثبت بازتاب نخاعی و ثبت تک‌واحد حرکتی برای اثبات نقش عوامل عصبی در تغییرات زودگذر و ماندگار قدرت به ‌کار برده شده است. در سی سال گذشته روش‌های نوینی همچون TMS برای بررسی سازوکارهای عصبی، در پاسخ و سازگاری به‌دنبال فعالیت مقاومتی به کار گرفته ‌شده است و اهمیت برانگیختگی و سطح ‌فعال‌سازی عصبی مرکزی در رخداد خستگی ورزشی و سازگاری‌های حاصل از تمرین مقاومتی نشان داده‌ شده است. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مقاله به مبانی دستگاه TMS و سطوح کاربرد این تکنیک به‌طور اجمالی اشاره ‌شده است.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد سطح برانگیختگی، به‌ویژه در قشر حرکتی پس از تکرارهای مقدماتی با بار نسبتاً شدید و پس از یک دوره تمرین مقاومتی افزایش، پس از جلسات تمرینی خسته‌کننده کاهش می‌یابد و بعد از حرکات کششی ایستا تغییر نمی‌کند. نتیجه گیری: هرچند TMS ابزاری ارزشمند برای تعیین کمیت سهم عوامل عصبی است، اما به‌تنهایی توانایی پاسخگویی به تمام سازوکارها و سازگاری‌های رخ‌داده پس از مداخله را ندارد و ترکیبی از تکنیک‌های موجود در حیطۀ علوم اعصاب، بینش بیشتری دربارۀ عملکرد مغز و انعطاف‌پذیری سیستم عصبی-عضلانی در پاسخ به ورزش حاد و مزمن فراهم می‌کند

کلیدواژه‌ها

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 اردیبهشت 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 شهریور 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 مهر 1400

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