Effect of Simultaneous Consumption of Caffeine and  L-Carnitine on Aerobic Performance and Substrate Selection During Exercise

Adeli, Akbar; Nikooie, Rohollah; Aminaie, Mohsen

doi:10.22089/spj.2020.8022.1968

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ M.Sc. of Exercise Physiology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

² Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

³ Assistance Professor of Exercise Physiology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

https://doi.org/10.22089/spj.2020.8022.1968

Abstract

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of coingestion of caffeine and L-carnitine supplements on substrate selection during exercise and its probable effect on endurance performances in elite male karate. Twelve elite athletes performed a progressive standard test following placebo (250 mg Lactose), caffeine (5 mg/kg), l-carnitine (3 g), and caffeine and l-carnitine (5 mg/kg, 3 g) consumption in four sessions separated by one-week interval. Respiratory gases and blood samples were collected before and after exercise. Cross over point (COP), as a point that metabolic substrate changes from fat to carbohydrates, and Fat_max, as a point at which fat has the highest contribution to energy supply, were determined, workload and oxygen consumption corresponding to them were extracted, and compared among trials by repeated measures analysis of variance. Following consumption of caffeine alone and in combined with L-carnitine, the changes in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) during exercise, workload and oxygen consumption corresponding to COP and Fat_max points were significantly higher compared to the control trial (all P < 0.05). The values of these variables in combined trial were significantly higher than those found in the caffeine trial (all P < 0.05). L-carnitine consumption did not induce significant change in these variables compared to the control trial. In sum, Caffeine consumption improves endurance performance through changing substrate selection during exercise toward fat and this effect could be exacerbated by simultaneous consumption of L-carnitine.

Keywords

20.1001.1.2322164.1398.11.44.6.2

Main Subjects

sport metabolism

References

Gagnon DD, Perrier L, Dorman SC, Oddson B, Larivière C, Serresse O. Ambient temperature influences metabolic substrate oxidation curves during running and cycling in healthy men. Eur J Sport Sci. 2020; 20(1):90-9.

2. Farhadi H, Hadi H, Sabegh MA. Effect of caffeine gum ingestion on blood lactate and glucose during 1500 m running. Ann Biol Res. 2011; 2(5):252-7 (in persian).

3. Oberlin-Brown KT, Siegel R, Kilding AE, Laursen PB. Oral presence of carbohydrate and caffeine in chewing gum: independent and combined effects on endurance cycling performance. Int J Sports physiol. 2016;11(2):164-71.

4. Marshall K. The effect of different dosages of caffeine on time to exhaustion in prolonged exercise in trained athletes (a meta analysis). The Plymouth Student Scientist. 2010;3(2):18-39.

5. Kudoh Y, Aoyama S, Torii T, Chen Q, Nagahara D, Sakata H, et al. L-carnitine kinetics in chronic hemodialysis patients: comparison between oral and intravenous supplementation. J Biochem Pharmacol Res. 2014; 2(2):117-24.

6. Kelek SE, Afşar E, Akçay G, Danışman B, Aslan M. Effect of chronic L-carnitine supplementation on carnitine levels, oxidative stress and apoptotic markers in peripheral organs of adult Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;134: 1-7.

7. Pooyandjoo M, Nouhi M, Shab-Bidar S, Djafarian K, Olyaeemanesh A. The effect of (L-) carnitine on w eight loss in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controll edtrials. Endocrinologia. 2018; 23(1):83-90.

8. Fielding R, Riede L, Lugo JP, Bellamine A. l-Carnitine supplementation in recovery after exercise. Nutrients. 2018;10(3):1-17.

9. Leelarungrayub J, Pinkaew D, Klaphajone J, Eungpinichpong W, Bloomer RJ. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on metabolic utilization of oxygen and lipid profile among trained and untrained humans. Asian J Sports Med. 2017; 8(1): 1-9.

10. Bell DG, Jacobs I, Ellerington K. Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exercise. 2001; 33(8):1399-403.

11. Gonçalves LdS, Painelli VdS, Yamaguchi G, Oliveira LFd, Saunders B, da Silva RP, et al. Dispelling the myth that habitual caffeine consumption influences the performance response to acute caffeine supplementation. J Appl Physiol. 2017;123(1):213-20.

12. Mielgo-Ayuso J, Calleja-Gonzalez J, Del Coso J, Urdampilleta A, León-Guereño P, Fernández-Lázaro D. Caffeine supplementation and physical performance, muscle damage and perception of fatigue in soccer players: A systematic review. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):1-15.

13. Kammerer M, Jaramillo JA, García A, Calderin JC, Valbuena LH. Effects of energy drink major bioactive compounds on the performance of young adults in fitness and cognitive tests: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014;11(1):1-7.

14. Cha Y-S, Choi S-K, Suh H, Lee S-N, Cho D, Lim K. Effects of carnitine coingested caffeine on carnitine metabolism and endurance capacity in athletes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2001;47(6):378-84.

15. Burrus BM, Moscicki BM, Matthews TD, Paolone VJ. The effect of acute l-carnitine and carbohydrate intake on cycling performance. Int J Exer Sci. 2018;11(2):404-416.

16. San Juan AF, López-Samanes Á, Jodra P, Valenzuela PL, Rueda J, Veiga-Herreros P, et al. Caffeine supplementation improves anaerobic performance and neuromuscular efficiency and fatigue in Olympic-level boxers. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):1-15.

17. Nikooie R, Gharakhanlo R, Rajabi H, Bahraminegad M, Ghafari A. Noninvasive determination of anaerobic threshold by monitoring the %SpO2 changes and respiratory gas exchange. J Strength Cond Res 2009;23(7):2107-2113.

18. Pallarés JG, Morán-Navarro R, Ortega JF, Fernández-Elías VE, Mora-Rodriguez RJPo. Validity and reliability of ventilatory and blood lactate thresholds in well-trained cyclists. PLoS One. 2016;11(9):1-16.

19. Gmada N, Marzouki H, Haboubi M, Tabka Z, Shephard R, Bouhlel E. Crossover and maximal fat-oxidation points in sedentary healthy subjects: methodological issues. Diabetes Metab. 2012;38(1):40-45.

20. Croci I, Borrani F, Byrne N, Wood R, Hickman I, Cheneviere X, et al. Reproducibility of Fatmax and fat oxidation rates during exercise in recreationally trained males. PloS one. 2014;9(6):1-10.

21. Talanian JL, Spriet LL. Low and moderate doses of caffeine late in exercise improve performance in trained cyclists. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(8):850-5.

22. Silva RPd, Martinez D, Fiori CZ, Bueno KSdS, Uribe Ramos JM, Kaminski RSR, et al. The effect of caffeine supplementation on exercise performance evaluated by a novel animal model. Clin Biomed Res. 2017; 37(4): 316-22.

23. Kashef M, Moonikh KU, Kashef A. The effects of different doses of caffeine on time to exhaustion, resting levels and hemodynamic parameters response in young male athletes. psj. 2017; 15(4):56-65. (in persian).

24. Goldstein ER, Ziegenfuss T, Kalman D, Kreider R, Campbell B, Wilborn C, et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010;7(1):1-15.

25. Jevons E, Gejl KD, Hvid LG, Frandsen U, Jensen K, Sahlin K, et al. Restricting carbohydrate during recovery from prolonged exercise does not effect intramuscular triglyceride resynthesis. 23rd international Congress of the European College of Sports Science; 2018 Jul 4-7; Ireland.

26. Murosaki S, Lee TR, Muroyama K, Shin ES, Cho SY, Yamamoto Y, et al. A combination of caffeine, arginine, soy isoflavones, and L-carnitine enhances both lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 and HepG2 cells in vitro and in KK mice in vivo. J Nutr. 2007;137(10):2252-7.

27. Manninen AH. Metabolic Effects of the Very-Low-Carbohydrate Diets: Misunderstood "Villains" of Human Metabolism. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2004; 1(2): 7–11.

28. Sidossis LS, Gastaldelli A, Klein S, Wolfe RR. Regulation of plasma fatty acid oxidation during low-and high-intensity exercise. Am J Physiol Endo Metab. 1997; 272(6):1-9.

Sport Physiology

Effect of Simultaneous Consumption of Caffeine and L-Carnitine on Aerobic Performance and Substrate Selection During Exercise

References

References

Volume 11, Issue 44
Winter 2020
February 2020
Pages 107-122

Effect of Simultaneous Consumption of Caffeine and L-Carnitine on Aerobic Performance and Substrate Selection During Exercise

References

References

Volume 11, Issue 44Winter 2020February 2020Pages 107-122

Volume 11, Issue 44
Winter 2020
February 2020
Pages 107-122