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مرور نظام‌مند مطالعات حوزة فیزیولوژی ورزش در فوتبال: چالش‌ها و فرصت‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، پژوهشگاه تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی

2 استادیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی

3 استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن

چکیده

در پژوهش حاضر به بررسی نظام‌مند تمامی مطالعات انجام‌شده در حیطة فوتبال در گرایش فیزیولوژی ورزش پرداخته شده است. با جست‌وجوی مقالات و پایان‌نامه‌ها براساس کلیدواژه‌های مرتبط در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی ازقبیل ایران داک، پایگاه مرکز علمی جهاد دانشگاهی، پایگاه مجلات تخصصی نور، بانک اطلاعات نشریات کشور(مگیران) و پایگاه اینترنتی پژوهشگاه تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، تمامی مطالعاتی که در دانشگاه‌ها، سازمان‌ها و دستگاه‌های اجرایی و پژوهشی در حوزة ورزش فوتبال انجام شده بودند، استخراج شدند. سپس، اطلاعات به‌دست‌آمده با استفاده از روش‎های آمار توصیفی درقالب جداول و نمودارها تفسیر شدند. بیش از 1000 مطالعه در حوزه‌های مختلف فوتبال از سال 1372 تا 1396 در ایران انجام شده است که 25 درصد از آن‌ها (256 عنوان) در حوزة فیزیولوژی ورزش هستند. درحدود 56 درصد از مطالعات در گرایش علم تمرین، 23 درصد در گرایش تغذیه و بیوشیمی، 13 درصد در گرایش ایمنولوژی ورزش، 5/6 درصد در گرایش قلب و عروق و 5/1 درصد در گرایش عصب و عضله انجام شده‌اند. در سال‌های 1385 تا 1395 رشد زیادی در تعداد مطالعات مربوط به فیزیولوژی ورزش وجود داشته است که البته به افزایش جذب دانشجو در این سال‎ها در دانشگاه‎ها مرتبط است. دانشگاه‎ها بیشترین سهم را در تولید علم فوتبال داشته‎اند. در ردة بعدی، پژوهشگاه تربیت‌بدنی، وزارت ورزش و جوانان و صداوسیما حمایت‎های مالی در طرح‎های فوتبالی داشته‎اند. در هرکدام از گرایش‎ها فرصت‎های‌پژوهشی زیادی وجود دارند که پژوهشگران می‎توانند با پژوهش روی آن موضوع‌ها به پیشرفت فوتبال در کشور کمک کنند. در برخی پژوهش‌ها، ایرادهای روش‎شناختی وجود دارند؛ برای مثال، می‎توان به سنجش‌نکردن متابولیت‎ها هنگام مصرف مکمل‌ها، استفاده‌نکردن از آزمون‎های هوازی و بی‎هوازی مشابه و زمان‌بندی نامناسب سنجش عوامل خونی اشاره کرد. همچنین، در پژوهش‌ها توجه کمتری به محیط، اندازه و نسبت اندام‎ها، نورم‎های استاندارد آمادگی جسمانی، ایمنی به‌واسطة سلولی و هومورال در شرایط جوی مختلف و تمرینات ویژة فوتبالی درمدت فصل مسابقات شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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فیزیولوژی ورزشی
دوره 10، شماره 38
تابستان 1397
مرداد 1397
صفحه 37-60
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 شهریور 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 02 اسفند 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 05 اسفند 1396
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