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نقش هسته‌های عضلانی در حافظه و سازگاری‌های عضلانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 استاد فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: عضله اسکلتی شکل‌‌پذیری بسیار بالایی جهت سازگاری با محرک‌هایی نظیر فعالیت انقباضی، شرایط بارگذاری (بی باری، بی تحرکی، بیماری و فضانوردی)، مداخلات تغذیه‌ای و عوامل محیطی دارد. عضله اسکلتی قابلیت منحصربه فردی دارد که به آن این امکان را می‌دهد که فعالیت انقباضی مزمن قبلی خود را به خاطر بیاورد و در پاسخ به دوره تمرینی مجدد، حتی بعد از یک دوره طولانی مدت بی‌تمرینی، رشد و سازگاری سریع‌تری را از خود نشان دهد. دانشمندان این پدیده را حافظه عضلانی نامیده اند. مطالعات اولیه این پدیده را به یادگیری حرکتی از طریق سیستم عصبی مرکزی نسبت دادند، اما مطالعات بعدی پیشنهاد کردند که حافظه عضلانی ممکن است با محتوای هسته‌های عضله اسکلتی ارتباط داشته باشد. یکی از سازوکارهای احتمالی این است که دوره اولیه تمرین ورزشی منجر به افزایش هسته‌های عضلانی می شود و این هسته‌ها حتی به دنبال یک دوره طولانی مدت بی‌تمرینی در عضله اسکلتی پایدار باقی می‌مانند. به دنبال دوره تمرین مجدد، عضله‌ای که هسته‌های آن در دوره تمرینی اولیه افزایش یافته‌اند، می‌تواند رشد کارآمدتری داشته باشد و پاسخ شکل پذیری سریع‌تری را از خود نشان دهد. اما، مطالعات بعدی نشان دادند که هسته‌های عضلانی ممکن است پایدار نباشند و به‌دنبال دوره‌های بی‌تمرینی از بین بروند. مطالعات اخیر به بررسی سازوکارهای دیگری نظیر اپی ژنتیک در توجیه نظریه حافظه عضلانی پرداختند. به طور کلی، شواهد موجود از ثبات هسته‌های عضلانی در نظریه حافظه عضلانی حمایت نمی‌کند و پیشنهاد می‌شود که شواهد دیگری نظیر اپی ژنتیک در راستای توجیه این نظریه توسط محققین مورد بررسی قرار بگیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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فیزیولوژی ورزشی
دوره 15، شماره 59
مهر 1402
صفحه 59-80
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  • تاریخ دریافت: 14 فروردین 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 مهر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 دی 1402
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