فعالیت ورزشی و سلامت مغز در سالمندی: نقش محور عضله-مغز در بهبود عملکردهای شناختی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 استاد، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

10.22089/spj.2025.17632.2350
چکیده
سالمندی با افزایش خطر زوال شناختی همراه است. فعالیت‌های ورزشی نقش مهمی در حفظ و بهبود سلامت شناختی سالمندان دارند. شواهد موجود نشان می‌دهند که فعالیت‌های ورزشی مختلف ازجمله فعالیت‎های مقاومتی، هوازی و تمرینات ذهن- بدن می‌توانند موجب بهبودی درخور‌توجهی در حافظه، یادگیری و سایر توانایی‌های شناختی در سالمندان شوند. فعالیت‌های ورزشی با افزایش سطوح عوامل رشد عصبی مرتبط هستند که این عوامل در شکل‎پذیری سیناپس‌ها و بقای نورون‌ها نقش کلیدی ایفا می‌کنند. علاوه ‎بر این، محور عضله- مغز به‌عنوان یک مسیر حیاتی در ارتباط بین فعالیت‌های ورزشی و عملکرد شناختی مطرح است. میوکاین‎های ترشحی از عضلات به مغز می‌توانند از طریق بهبود جریان خون مغزی، کاهش التهاب عصبی، افزایش سلامت میتوکندری و تقویت انعطاف‌پذیری عصبی به حفظ و ارتقای عملکردهای شناختی در سنین بالا کمک کنند. این مقاله مروری، تأثیر انواع فعالیت‎های ورزشی بر عملکردهای شناختی و برخی سازوکارهای سلولی و مولکولی مربوط را در سالمندان بررسی کرد. درمجموع به نظر می‌رسد که فعالیت‌های ورزشی ترکیبی می‌تواند به‌عنوان رویکردی پیشگیرانه و مؤثر در برابر زوال شناختی و بیماری‌های تخریبی عصب ناشی ‎از سالمندی مؤثر باشد؛ بااین‌حال، هنوز نوع، شدت و حجم بهینه فعالیت‌های ورزشی برای دستیابی به حداکثر آثار شناختی مشخص نیست و به انجام تحقیقات بیشتری برای تعیین دستورالعمل‌های ورزشی بهینه نیاز است. علاوه ‎براین، بررسی عمیق‌تر سازوکارهای سلولی، مولکولی و عصبی مرتبط با اثرات فعالیت ورزشی بر عملکردهای شناختی در سالمندان نیازمند پژوهش‌های بیشتری است تا برنامه‌های ورزشی بهینه به‌منظور بهبود کیفیت زندگی سالمندان توسعه یابد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

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  • تاریخ دریافت 16 دی 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 05 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 12 اسفند 1403