پارادوکس ورزشکاران استقامتی: ارتباط بین تجمع چربی بافت عضلانی و حساسیت انسولین در ورزشکاران استقامتی و افراد چاق

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 استاد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 دکتری تخصصی فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده
تجمع چربی سبب می­شود چربی در بافت­هایی به‌جز بافت ذخیره چربی (ادیپوز) مانند عضله نیز انباشت  شود. در سلول­های عضلانی چربی به صورت قطرات چربی ذخیره می­شود. در سلول­های عضلانی قطرات چربی این توانایی را دارند که چربی را به شکل مطمئن ذخیره کنند، اما این ظرفیت دارای محدودیت است؛ به‌گونه‌ای‌که افزایش بیش از اندازه ذخیره چربی ممکن است به اختلال در عملکرد طبیعی سلول منجر شود. با افزایش وزن و چاقی میزان محتوای چربی درون سلول­های عضلانی افزایش می­یابد و این  موضوع با مقاومت به انسولین ارتباط مستقیم دارد، اما این پدیده در ورزشکاران استقامتی متفاوت است؛ به‌گونه‌ای‌که به­رغم افزایش محتوای چربی درون‌عضلانی، افزایش حساسیت به انسولین مشاهده می­شود. احتمالاً محل ذخیره چربی، محتوای چربی و ترکیب قطرات چربی، همراه باوجود لیپیدهای بیواکتیو ممکن است بین ورزشکاران و افراد چاق و احتمالا دارای دیابت نوع دو متفاوت باشد. پروتئین‌هایی که سطح قطرات لیپید را می­پوشانند، احتمالاً بر سیگنال دهی و متابولیسم آن‌ها تأثیر می­گذارند. این پروتئین­ها همچنین به تعامل بین قطرات لیپید و سایر اجزای سلولی و همچنین موقعیت آن‌ها کمک می­کنند. این مقاله با مرور تحقیقات قبلی درمورد ارتباط بین قطرات چربی در عضلات اسکلتی و اختلالات متابولیک، نقش پروتئین‌ها را در تنظیم متابولیسم و اثرات فعالیت بدنی بر این اندامک‌ها و تفاوت در تجمع چربی در بافت عضلانی بین ورزشکاران و افراد چاق یا دارای دیابت نوع 2 بررسی می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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  • تاریخ دریافت 05 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 17 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 27 آبان 1403