نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری
نویسندگان
1 استادیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، گروه علوم ورزشی
2 استاد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، گروه علوم ورزشی
3 دانشیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، گروه علوم ورزشی دانشگاه شهرکرد
چکیده
پژوهش‌های زیادی تأثیر فعالیت ورزشی را بر عوامل مرتبط با بیماری دیابت بررسی کرده‌اند. هدف اصلی از انجام‌شدن پژوهش حاضر، مقایسۀ آثار تمرینات استقامتی تداومی و تناوبی بر فاکتورهای گلیسمیک بیماران مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو، به‌صورت مرور نظام‌مند و فراتحلیل مطالعات داخل ایران بود. در پژوهش حاضر، پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی Science Direct،PubMed ، Scopus، Web of Science، SID، Magiran و Google Scholar از سال‌های ۱۳۸۰ تا ۱۳۹۸، همراه با کلمات کلیدی جست‌وجو شدند. بعد از غربالگری اولیه، متن کامل مقالات ارزیابی شد و مقالاتی که معیارهای ورود به پژوهش داشتند، تحلیل شدند. تعداد ۲۳1 مقاله بررسی اولیه شدند و از این میان 25 مقاله معیارهای ورود به مرور سیستماتیک و فراتحلیل را داشتند؛ براین‌اساس ۹۰۸ فرد دیابتی که به دو گروه تجربی و گروه کنترل به‌ترتیب تعداد ۴۹۴ و ۴۱۴ نفر تقسیم شدند، در گروه تجربی (30۵ زن، 189 مرد) و در گروه کنترل (۲۷۸ زن، ۱۳۶ مرد) قرار گرفتند. میانگین سنی آزمودنی‌ها در پژوهش حاضر ۵۰ سال بود. نتایج متاآنالیز نشان داد که تمرینات تناوبی و تداومی هر دو موجب بهبود شاخص‌های گلیسمی می‌‌شوند. تمرینات استقامتی تداومی و تمرینات تناوبی موجب کاهش معنادار سطوح گلوکز ((P=0.001; SE=0.18, 95% CI= -1.24 - 0.86, Z=-10 و انسولین ((P=0.001; SE= 0.18, 95% CI= -1.62 - 0.917, Z=-7 و مقاومت به انسولین (P=0.001; SE= 0.05, 95% CI= -0.34 - 0.13, Z=-4.52) شدند. بین تمرین تداومی و تناوبی در سطوح گلوکز و انسولین اختلاف معنادار مشاهده شد (P=0.002، P=0.0001)، اما این اختلاف در مقاومت به انسولین مشاهده نشد (P=0.42). تمرینات استقامتی تداومی و تناوبی موجب بهبود سطوح گلوکز خون، انسولین و مقاومت به انسولین می‌‌شوند و تمرینات تناوبی در بهبود عملکرد شاخص‌های گلیسمی مؤثرتر هستند؛ اگرچه در این زمینه به انجام‌دادن مطالعاتی بیشتر و با کیفیت بهتر نیاز است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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